The chemical composition of bamboo is known to be similar to that of wood, but bamboo has a higher content of minor components compared with wood [32]. Two novel bifunctional monomers, namely isocyanatoethyl-methacrylate and N-methylol acrylamide, have been used as the coupling agents to strength the interface of bamboo fibre/unsaturated polyester composites [71, 72]. 
Bamboo shoot is one vegetable that is free in pollution, low in fat and high in edible fibre and rich in mineral. The mechanical properties of bamboo are strongly affected by the age, species and humidity. In addition, with adequate technology, the stems can be used in the production of cellulose, bio-ethanol and starch [21]. globalindustrial bamboe bambus slaps slats latten bambooimport lamel bambusdanmark lamell bambusz tilfj kurv bamboebouwnederland Unless a product is made directly with bamboo fiber (mechanically processed bamboo) it is not allowed be called bamboo. A popular saying is that every bamboo forest hides the instruments for a whole orchestra. As a typical forest plant in the tropical and subtropical area, bamboo forest plays significant roles in its biological characteristics and growth habits. Silane coupling agents have a hydrophilic structure with different groups attached to the silicon atoms that can act as a bridge; one end is interacting with the matrix and the other end reacting with the hydrophilic fibres [64]. The excellent quality of these products is due to good qualification of the workforce and the availability of machines that assist the production process. It is suitable for reinforcing concrete [75]. Bamboo is considered an alternative to wood owing to their excellent qualities in physical and mechanical attributes [23]. 
In the Philippines, you can find gigantic bamboo plants deep within the tropical jungles, mountains, and even near the rice paddies. The alkali-treated fibres are then passed through multi-phase bleaching. Prior to bamboo utilisation in large scale as an economically viable engineering material, a study on properties and structures must be carried out. 1943 tiered globalindustrial crates In many overpopulated regions of the tropics, certain bamboos supply the one suitable material that is sufficiently cheap and plentiful to meet the great need for economical housing [103]. Bamboo paper has the same quality with paper made from wood. 1711 globalindustrial
bamboo screen divider bsc The minor components are pigments, tannins, protein, fat, pectin and ash. 
tiki bar bamboo decorating hut roof curved bars mastergardenproducts simple stool trellis Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? In recent years different technologies have been developed that allow bamboo fiber to be used for a wide range of textile, fabrics, yarn, cloth, clothing and fashion applications such as T-shirts, pants, underwear, socks, towels, bedsheets, pillow covers, blankets, mattresses, and even bulletproof vests. They include drainpipes made from wood boards or box drains, bricks, horseshoe-shaped ceramic tile, circular clay tile, concrete tile, bituminised fibre perforated pipe, perforated smooth plastic pipe to corrugated plastic pipe. Bamboo, a perennial woody grass belonging to Gramineae family and Bambuseae subfamily, is ubiquitous in many parts of the world. [67] carried out a comparative study on the effect of alkali soaking, silane coupling agent and maleic anhydride grafting on the mechanical properties of cellulose/poly(l-lactic acid) composites. The treated pulp was called bleached bamboo fibre. Bamboo is an excellent material for cheap and light plant support sticks, stakes or props. Bamboo is endowed with a long fibre length, and this makes bamboo pulp suitable for papermaking. Today we see a boom of innovative bamboo products and applications as a sustainable alternative for wood. They present versatile structure produced by physical and mechanical properties and low specific weight [2]. This chapter also examined some investigated chemical modifications through alkali hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, coupling to enhance properties of bamboo fibre for specialised applications. This is as a response to the increasing demand for developing materials that are biodegradable, sustainable and recyclable [15]. NaOH solution pre-treatment of cellulose provided the composites with the highest stiffness, KH560 modification resulted in best ductility. The high contents of starch and cellulose, 7085% of the stem, have given bamboo an advantage as an alternative source of alcohol production. This siliceous material is used as a cooling tonic and aphrodisiac, as a remedy for asthma and coughs [98] and other debilitating diseases. Fact is, everything that can be made from wood can also be made with bamboo. Ethiopia has over 1 million ha of highland and lowland bamboo resources, which is about 86% of the African bamboo resource that serves as a subsistence material for rural communities [18, 19]. craft bamboo booth display shelves displays fair shelf stand rack mastergardenproducts table trade shows storage commercial crafts festival retail booths Sign up with your email address to receive news and updates. This biomass possesses high potential as a substitute for many lignocellulosic and non-lignocellulosic materials in various capacities of applications owing to its chemical composition as well as its physical properties. The use of bamboo fibres as reinforcement in composite materials has been immensely amplified with high-tech revolution in recent years. Kumar etal. This process involves the initial use of an alkali solution (NaOH) to remove not only the cellulosic components but also the non-cellulosic components such as hemicellulose, lignin and pectin inside the plant fibre [1]. In the bleaching step, the bamboo fibre was placed in a polyethylene bag with 4% H2O2, 0.2% NaOH and 0.5% sodium silicate for 50min. The comparison of alkaline and acetylating treatments showed that the mechanical properties of bamboo fibre-polypropylene composites were improved and adhesion between bamboo fibre and polypropylene matrix was enhanced. tiki bar bamboo roof garden thatch hut bars btb master grass tile mastergardenproducts stool Chemical modification methods include alkali hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, coupling, etc. SEM studies carried out showed a better dispersion of fibre into the PVC matrix due to an increased amount of coupling agents used. The problem with this method was that fibre bundles with diameters of 10010.4m were also formed during the extraction; therefore, the parameters were chosen to optimise separation of bamboo fibre by using a minimum amount of NaOH [48]. In China bamboo fiber has been used to make paper since early times, but in recent years, bamboo has emerged as an important raw material for the pulp and paper industry due to the shortage of wood resources. Its brightness and optical properties remain stable while those papers make from wood may deteriorate over time. Top 10 exporter of bamboo globally in 2009 [10]. The ashes of bamboo are used to polish jewels and manufacture electrical batteries. Various craft products made of bamboo are baskets, tools, handles, hats, traditional toys, mat, flooring material, purses, bags, satchels, tea packaging, floor tiles, general household product, furniture, utensils, musical instruments, etc. [64] developed and reported an efficient and eco-friendly technology for the improvement of interfacial adhesion of bamboo fibre-Unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites. Bamboo greenhouses are very popular among farming communities in the tropics because a bamboo greenhouse is much more economical to build, operate and maintain compared to conventional steel framed greenhouses. Read on and discover some of the coolest bamboo products you probably didn't even know they existed! Many researchers have worked on the physical, mechanical and thermal behaviour (weathering behaviour, % water uptake, % thickness swelling and thermal stability), morphology properties and impact test of bamboo fibres reinforced novolac resin composites prepared using mercerised bamboo fibres. A few examples of bamboo paper products are coffee filters, paper cups, paper towels, toilet paper, cardboard, kraft paper, and bond paper. 
Bamboo mat board is being manufactured in China, India, Thailand and Vietnam [5]. Studies have also revealed their uses as absorbent for dyes [82, 83, 84, 85], heavy metal [86, 87], organic pollutants [88] and other substances [89, 90]. Bamboo leaf contains 25% flavine and phenolic compound that have the power to remove active oxy-free radicals, stopping nitrification and abating blood fat. Also, bamboo pipes do not contaminate the water being conveyed and do not react with the soil; unlike the other assorted materials, thus preventing the excessive cost of treating the water being conveyed for the various human and animal uses [101].
Everything in between is possible with bamboo!". Many Filipinos use this bamboo to make "Kerosene Bamboo Cannons", which they use as an alternative to firecrackers, during Christmas and the New Year. It is widely distributed in the world with China as the most extensive bamboo-producing country [9], having a global export volume of 57.3% in 2009 [10] as shown in Table 1. Its use varies from domestic household products to industrial applications, from medicine to nutrition and from toys to aircraft production. The result revealed that coupling agent enhanced the affinity between fibre and polyvinyl matrix by lowering down the interfacial tension. riser risers globalindustrial cube It has been reported that the density of bamboo varies from 500 to 800kg/m3 depending on anatomical structures such as quantity and distribution of fibres around vascular bundles [4], with its maximum density usually obtained from 3years old culms [5, 6]. Others include resins, waxes and inorganic salts. These constituents play an important role in physiological activity of bamboo, and they are found in cell cavity or special organelles [15]. Alkali hydrolysis is a conventional technique. It is a delicacy in Asia. Bamboo vegetable, bamboo edible shoots, bakery products, diary products, meat and aquatic products, Hardware for electronics, wrist watches, chains, fan blades, Ornamental plants, bamboo livestock feeds, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Besides, bamboo is also a material of high plasticity and easy to combine with other materials. Because of its excellent characteristics, some countries are renewing their bioenergy strategies to include bamboo. globalindustrial These differences in rhizome systems can be because of their adaptations to climate conditions to which the bamboos belong. In another study, Azzini etal.
A recently reported work reported an improved interfacial strength between poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and bamboo flour in PVC/bamboo flour composites using novel coupling agents [73]. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. Notably, cellulose content decreases with increase in age of bamboo. Of late, research has shown bamboo charcoal as one of the base materials for human health, from water treatment to its uses as a shield from electromagnetic radiation.
It has been extensively studied for graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto fibres in a living/controllable way [65]. Learn on the go with our new app.
One pot synthesis generated the coupling agents. The multi-functional ranges of bamboo uses have shown that it may prove beneficial as a valuable and sustainable natural resource [76]. [101] found that the use of bamboo (B. vulgaris) of predetermined lengths and diameters as a field drainage material was found effective. Imagine if all Central and South American homes, offices and sheds would use corrugated roofs made from bamboo instead of zinc or plastic, and imagine if all these roofs were produced from locally available native bamboo forests and plantations. Bamboo rayon-copper nanoparticle composite fabric was also prepared using acrylic acid-grafted bamboo rayon revealed antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which was durable until 50 washings [55]. Or as the ancient Asian saying goes:"A man is born in a bamboo cradle and goes away in a bamboo coffin. Other bamboo products include bio-methane, flavonoids and functional xylo-oligosaccharides. As a cheap lignocellulosic feedstock, bamboo has been adopted for bioenergy production. Can this electric powered bamboo tricycle provide solutions to traffic congestion and air pollution in China? Bamboo is used to make musical instruments for thousands of years, probably as a percussion instrument at first, but later also for wind instruments and stringed instruments. This goes from construction materials to food, medicine, musical instruments, fabrics, paper pulp, fencing, basketry, utensils, bicycles, and so on Therefor te better question would be: What products cannot be made from bamboo? The area covered by bamboo in Africa has been estimated at 1.5 million ha with about 43 species [10, 16]; that of Myanmar has been estimated at 2.2 million ha and that of India estimated between 3 and 20 million ha [17]. Percentage of world bamboo resources by continent [14]. Acrylonitrile treatment of bamboo fibre has been reported to improve the tensile, flexural and water absorption properties of acrylonitrile-treated bamboo fibre composites [49]. The enhancement in mechanical properties was also an indication of strong bonding between matrix and bamboo fibre [73]. Cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin are the three major chemical compositions of bamboo, and they are closely associated in a complex structure [31]. It was thought that effective surface treatment from the silane coupling agent-improved adhesion between the polylactic acid matrix and the bamboo fibre.
An HNO3-KClO3 method has also been used to extract fibre from bamboo samples.