We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Here, three technologies: differential pressure (DP), ultrasonic (both of which measure volumetric flow), and Coriolis, which directly measures mass flow are discussed. An ultrasonic meter is very effective at detecting two-phase flow; the presence of liquids generally indicates a problem elsewhere in the system (or that the ultrasonic meter has been installed at the wrong location). The meter creates a 'ping' with the transducer and measures the time elapsed before the sensor receives the sonic pulse. They have low turndown unless the orifice plate is changed. Gas volume does not take into account the quality of the gas or the amount of heat available when burned. True, they can be fouled by dirt and confused by multiphase flow, but they arent being used for fiscal measurement; rather to help the operator keep track of how the different wells are behaving to choose which ones to start and stop. The server receives instant notifications in case of emergency situations, deviations of the supply voltage or when trying to access files using the IR-DA port. In addition, a Coriolis meter can detect the onset of two-phase flow. biogas meter greenhouse gas flowmeter ft2 Energoflow GF-201H, GF-202H ultrasonic gas flow meters are flanged section type flow meters specially designed for measuring flow velocity, volumetric flow rate and volume of gaseous substances (gases) transported through pipelines in the forward or reverse direction at high pressure (up-to 16 Mpa), 4-channel Flow Meters for Applications Requiring Enhanced Accuracy. Residential, commercial and industrial gas meters have their own standard thread sizes. Energoflow GFA-202 Flow meters can be used as part of metering units of gas distribution points, industrial enterprises and communal service installation. otherwise Register here, IGEM House26 & 28 High StreetKegworthDerbyDE74 2DAUnited Kingdom, t: +44 (0)1509 678 150e: general@igem.org.ukCharity No: 214011Vat No: 674772885, This site uses cookies to store information on your computer, to improve your experience. 
These meters do not impede the flow of gas, but are limited at measuring lower flow rates. 3 deals with a broad range of issues relating to orifice metering of natural gas, and it specifies an algorithm for calculating natural gas flow rates based on the differential pressure, static pressure, and temperature of a gas with a known composition. gas gas chart meter flow clocking furnace cfh btuh reading cubic feet determining output divided per hvac 10x 4-channel Flow Meters for Applications Requiring Enhanced Accuracy Aflex FaBLINE hose for Food and Beverage Processing, IronHorse Jet Pump and Stainless Steel Motors. While gas custody-transfer flow measurement can take place anywhere along the process value chain from the wellhead to delivery or sale location, for the lowest uncertainty in measurement, it generally takes place at stable, predictable single-phase locations or physically discrete hand-over points (e.g., platform/production exit location, pipeline entry/exit, terminal entry, etc.). The most common are indicators that use multiple clock hands (pointer style) or digital readouts similar to an odometer, but remote readouts of various types are also becoming popular see Automatic meter reading and Smart meter. gas natural sub metering thermal using flow meters mass consumption submetering zones monitoring individual rate For this reason, they are generally restricted to applications in which pressure drop is of limited concern. They are, for example, a good fit for the inputs and outputs of cryogenic gas processing plants and for feeds to large industrial users such as power plants. The meters are produced of four nominal sizes G1.6, G2.5, G4, G6 in three modifications: The shut-off valve eliminates the risk of gas contamination (for stoves not equipped with gas control system) and helps to cut off gas supply in case the gas consumer has run out of credit. In addition, they generally are not available in sizes larger than 16 in. Ultrasonic gas flow meters Energoflow GFE-211 and GFE-212 are a brilliant example of genial engineering for achieving optimal solution for gas flow measurement in large pipes and in cases where installation of inline meters is technically or commercial not viable. This Standard covers the basic design principles and functions required of gas meter installations, This standard covers location, housings and compounds for flow rate exceeding 6 m3h-1 and inlet pressure up to and not exceeding 38 bar, This standard covers the fabrication, installation, testing and commissioning for flow rate exceeding 6 m3h-1 and inlet pressure up to and not exceeding 38 bar, This standard covers the operation and maintenance for flow rate exceeding 6 m3h-1 and inlet pressure up to and not exceeding 38 bar, This standard covers notices and labels for flow rate exceeding 6 m3h-1 and inlet pressure up to and not exceeding 38 bar, IGEM/GM/PRS/1 - Meter installation fittings, IGEM/GM/PRS/3 - Meter regulators for gas flow rates not exceeding 6 m3 h-1 and inlet pressures not exceeding 75 mbar, IGEM/GM/PRS/28 - Medium pressure single-stage regulators for gas flow rates not exceeding 6 m3 h-1, IGEM/GM/PRS/29 - Medium pressure two-stage meter regulators for gas flow rates, IGEM/GM/PRS/33 - Meter regulators of nominal diameter 32 mm and not exceeding 150 mm and for inlet pressures not exceeding 75 mb, Medium pressure meter installation kits for flow rates not exceeding 6 m3 h-1, This specification covers pre-assembled 6m3 h-1 low pressure meter installation kits. EIA predicts that by 2035, shale gas will account for nearly half of all U.S. gas production (see Figure 1). You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. gas btu scfh This speed differs from the speed of sound in the gas by the velocity at which the gas is moving in the pipe. During the last few years, there has been a tremendous increase in U.S. production of natural gas, much of it derived from fracking plays. Each path consists of an ultrasonic transducer at one end and a sensor at the other. Within the meter, two figure "8" shaped lobes, the rotors (also known as impellers or pistons), spin in precise alignment. They also generate a medium-to-large pressure loss, and they are not as accurate as other technologies, such as gas turbine, ultrasonic, or Coriolis meters. These thread sizes were originally named for the amount of gas designed to flow through them in terms of gas lamps, for example a 30-Lt. meter can provide enough gas for 30 lights and was referred to in the late 19th century as a 30-light-gas-meter. The volume of gas flow provided by a gas meter is just that, a reading of volume.
Penalties for uncertainty in fiscal measurement. This works well as long as the system isnt pushed so hard that liquids or dirt are carried through into the flowmeter, which can reduce the orifice size and make the meter read high. The operating principle is similar to that of a Roots blower. The concentrators transfer collected information to the online network by any available means including GPRS/GSM/3G/Ethernet. The accuracy is generally laid down in statute for the location in which the meter is installed. 11 provides guidelines for obtaining good results when measuring natural gas with a coriolis meter. The use of DP meters for custody transfer is governed by API 14.3/AGA3 in North America and ISO 5167 globally. Rotary meters are highly machined precision instruments capable of handling higher volumes and pressures than diaphragm meters. American Gas Association Report No. Its interesting to note that while a Coriolis meter will give a density reading, in many markets, much of the accounting is done in terms of standard volume, which means it is still necessary to measure temperature and pressure, as well as gas composition. From the satellite skid, the gathered gas goes to a knockout pot or sand trap where bulk liquids and particles are removed and then to a flowmetergenerally a DP meter as wellthrough a 6- or 8-in. Pressure compensation then occurs in the utility's billing system. Several different designs of gas meters are in common use, depending on the volumetric flow rate of gas to be measured, the range of flows anticipated, the type of gas being measured, and other factors. They are however accepted and understood in industrial applications since they are easy to field-service and have no moving parts. Energoflow GFA-202 There are different styles available but most common is a contact closure switch. For this reason, accurate and repeatable measurement of natural gas flow requires simultaneous measurement of several other variables, including pressure, temperature, density, and gas composition. flow meter air digital mass portable gas 10l tester min rate Ultrasonic meters measure the speed of gas movement by measuring the speed at which sound travels in the gaseous medium within the pipe. Any refund is limited to the previous six years. Washington, DC: American Gas Association. pipe. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. If the meter is found to be reading within limits, the consumer has to pay the costs of testing (and pay any outstanding charges). Custody transfer is one of two forms of fiscal measurement. All forms of fiscal measurement can be affected by product quality, fluid properties and composition, operating parameters, maintenance practices, and technology type. It stores date/time-stamped volume records in memory long enough for a host system to retrieve the records as well as to allow time for human intervention if this retrieval fails to occur. ATRO Automation Technology for Robotics, TwinCAT Cogging Compensation for AL8000 linear motors, Contrinex Photoelectric Sensors with IO-Link Compatibility, Search Products And Discover New Innovations In Your Industry. These are the most common type of gas meter, seen in almost all residential and small commercial installations. flow mass rate 18kg meter min energy industrial equipmentimes Flow Metering Complexes for Custody Transfer of Natural Gas. By Dan Hackett, Emerson Process Management, By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies. These cookies do not store any personal information. American Gas Association Transmission Measurement Committee (2007). meters orifice flange spreadsheet flow mass thermal gas measurements dispersion technologies measurement flowmeter improved comparison selection instrumentation production figure The initial installation and initialization of HORN Gas Meters are performed using standard IR-DA port with a connection to the nearest concentrator in a network (within a radius of 500 meters). The flow computer receives volumetric flow measurement data from DP or ultrasonic gas meters, along with temperature and pressure, and calculates the flow rate. 9x'e;IyYT^/8:y,={aOT+ijM8~? The use of ultrasonic meters for custody transfer is governed by AGA-9 and ISO/DIS 17089-1 (see Figure 6). [3] However, the European Measuring Instrument Directive has harmonised gas meter errors across Europe and consequently meters manufactured since the directive came into force must read within 3%. Energoflow GF-201H, GF-202H ultrasonic gas flow meters are flanged section type flow meters specially designed for measuring flow velocity, volumetric flow rate and volume of gaseous substances (gases) transported through pipelines in the forward or reverse direction at high pressure (up-to 16 Mpa). See other articles from the supplement below. Four-channel ultrasonic gas flow meter Energoflow GF- 404 is specially designed for applications where very high accuracy is required, e.g. Pressure is generally not a problem; the meter is simply installed immediately downstream of a pressure regulator and is calibrated to read accurately at that pressure. insertion aliran terma bersaiz turbin saluran silverinstruments To calculate the energy flow, the flow computer needs information on gas composition (percentage of methane and heavy hydrocarbons, as well as any nitrogen and carbon dioxide) and density. The ultrasonic meter constantly measures the speed of sound in the flowing gas. Its important to note that shale gas, which is what is fueling the transformation of the energy industry, is different from conventional natural gas in several important ways. They work well where product density is not stable, such as, for example, critical-phase ethylene. Because a Coriolis meter measures mass flow directly, much of the calculation can be done by a flow computer built into that instrument. Fiscal measurement versus custody transfer. ^O3$~U=1`RaF ]K4{y#W Htl:KgzaCjI.N"#:"-,P#L/d40(.b&KvDv]:mb2>)8Z3rF,\y@cPlv.RCcog1m\9^sx49(wun1#. American Gas Association[1] covers the proper usage and installation of these meters, and it specifies a standardised speed-of-sound calculation which predicts the speed of sound in a gas with a known pressure, temperature, and composition. They do not need pressure and temperature compensation for fluid properties. Meters whose accuracy is disputed by the customer have to be removed for testing by an approved meter examiner. _%{L~?H [w8/pzyAx4~|PN 86 TE[ZrQ=C&2"Gi$ The use of Coriolis meters for custody transfer is governed by AGA-11. As the gas moves toward delivery to users smaller than power plants or cryogenic gas plants, line sizes tend to decrease, at which point Coriolis meters begin to reappear. Energoflow GFE-202 and GFE-201 are state-of-art ultrasonic gas flow meters designed for accurate and reliable measurement of flow velocity, volumetric flow rate and volume of gaseous substances (gases) transported through pipelines in the forward or reverse direction. Ultrasonic flow meters are more complex than meters that are purely mechanical, as they require significant signal processing and computation capabilities. A gas meter is a specialized flow meter, used to measure the volume of fuel gases such as natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. [4] If the meter is found to be reading outside of the prescribed limits, the supplier has to refund the consumer for gas incorrectly measured while that consumer had that meter (but not vice versa).
You may delete and block all cookies from this site, but parts of the site will not work. [7], The examples and perspective in this section. This contrasts with the position on electric meters, where the test is free and a refund is only given if the date that the meter started to read inaccurately can be determined. This effect implies a relationship between the phase difference in the vibration of the upstream and downstream sections and the mass flow rate of the fluid contained by the pipe. These calculations depend in part on the ideal gas law and also require a gas compressibility calculation in order to account for the fact that real gases are not ideal. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. As the gas travels along, the pipe size tends to increase, which is where ultrasonic gas meters come into their own. Review our, Neural networks in process control: Neural network architecture, controls, Ethernet as a leading machine automation protocol, CLPM: Improving process efficiency, throughput, Streamlining assembly systems using PC-based control, Celebrating 10 years of Applied Automation, Smart face mask, other wearables designed as personal health trackers, Soft actuators in robots emit light in colors, patterns, Waterproof sensors improve temperature and motion sensitivity, wearability, Standardizing data collection in breweries, Theory developed to help design systems that can interact more seamlessly, Instrumentation calibration best practices, benefits, Upgraded software enhances subsurface flow visualization capabilities. The only way to counter fouling in a DP meter is to send someone out periodically to inspect the orifice plate, which is expensive in terms of labor and can mean an interruption in production. Reference Rotary Gas Meters EFS-R are intended for installation on reference calibration rigs for calibration and verification of gas meters of any type with air as operating environment. meter flow gas natural quote Diaphragm gas meters are positive displacement meters. If you aready have an account, please Login, At current gas prices, an error of 1% in measuring 300 million ft3 of gas per day can lead to a difference of about $2 million per year (see Figure 2). This allows the meter to measure the flowing density of the gas in real time. Turbine, rotary, and diaphragm meters can be compensated using a calculation specified in American Gas Association Report No. gas orifice spreadsheet computation compute to design, engineering and manufacture of flow-metering solutions and related products based on the modern ultrasonic technology. Such devices are based on two types of technology: (1) time of flight or transit time; and (2) cross correlation. The frequency of this vibration is determined by the overall density of the pipe (including its contents). meter flow biogas gas nitrogen stainless steel line ask Energoflow GFE-202 and GFE-201 are state-of-art ultrasonic gas flow meters designed for accurate and reliable measurement of flow velocity, volumetric flow rate and volume of gaseous substances (gases) transported through pipelines in the forward or reverse direction. meter flow gas natural [5] If the meter cannot be tested or its reading is unreliable, the consumer and supplier have to negotiate a settlement. However, the additional paths usually are provided as a separate flowmeter within the same flowmeter body as a means of checking the overall operation of the meter (see Figure 5). Limitations of ultrasonic meters include the need for sufficient straight-run upstream or a flow conditioner. 8, detail characterization. The sudden appearance of liquids can indicate a problem with the separation equipment upstream of gas processing, while any ethanes or propanes that condense out of the natural gas flow downstream of gas processing are products that should have been separated for sale as liquids and indicate process issues with the gas processing plant. According to the federal Energy Information Administration (EIA), dry natural gas shipments increased from 1 trillion ft3 in 2000 to 5 trillion ft3 in 2010, and production increased by a factor of 12 in one decades time. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. zest !HE`PL:hr S 1*!UN-4`<20IN3=o39p: D8;?$= '5/92-/+ {j1%I*D&W2*CVt.OB(C+bdtZRx/pi`N WPpV51S&*,y^szE$D#oagNEQ%lj.d#<1=Lfe\Q^fW]ZGq/" h9&GG|zO?B8tka*BKUf1=u1]jhT&'t:TI~nYowkO`7 X6rEsRKW:hYI@a.Lu"| ;}]>nW*AA To measure either mass or volumetric flow, they must be corrected for density (mass) or temperature, pressure, and gas composition to obtain a standard reading. They are accepted broadly and are not limited in line size. Utility customers are billed according to the heat available in the gas. The flow computer also acts as a record keeper recording date and time, instantaneous, hourly, and daily data. 1 / 1 with optical port and built-in wireless modem; 0 / 0 without optical port and wireless modem. Coriolis meters are used with liquids and gases. Coriolis meters are physically large, relatively expensive, and produce pressure drop (see Figure 3). An orifice gas meter consists of a straight length of pipe inside which a precisely known orifice plate creates a pressure drop, thereby affecting flow. They usually are mandatory for custody transfer applications. 2 0 obj When the fluid within the displaced section is at rest, both the upstream and downstream portion of the displaced section will vibrate in phase with each other. gas meter orifice flow bore calculator excel pipe calculations mm Simple volumetric flow measurement technology is not the only consideration because the ultimate measurement-and what the customer pays for-is energy delivered. Flow measurement is critical at all points of the supply chain. The rest generally is heavy hydrocarbons: ethane, propane, butane, iso- and normal-pentane, etc. Reference Turbine Gas Meters EFS-T Any disagreement between the computed and measured values indicates a problem somewhere in the system. The complex can be used for reliable measurement of volumetric data of various gaseous media for custody transfer applications. gas flow meter volumetric trz meters eqz gases industrial turbine radial riels measuring principle low Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Energoflow GFE-211, GFE-212 Both technologies involve transducers that are simply clamped on to the pipe and programmed with the pipe size and schedule and can be used to calculate flow. %PDF-1.4 Any type of gas meter can be obtained with a wide variety of indicators. Remote reading is becoming popular for gas meters. Statutory provisions should also specify a procedure to be followed should the accuracy be disputed. With the gas flow directed by internal valves, the chambers alternately fill and expel gas, producing a nearly continuous flow through the meter. Orifice meters are a type of differential meter, all of which infer the rate of gas flow by measuring the pressure difference across a deliberately designed and installed flow disturbance. Orifice meters are a very commonly used type of meter, and because of their widespread use, the characteristics of gas flow through an orifice meter have been closely studied. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. To find out more about the cookies this site uses and how to delete them, please see the, Platinum Jubilee Statement from the IGEM President and CEO, Applies to inlet pressures exceeding 38 bar and not exceeding 100 bar. A very commonly used compressibility calculation is American Gas Association Report No. (1880) P. 224, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Flow conditioning#Effects on flow measurement devices, http://www.gasproductssales.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/swivel-nuts.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gas_meter&oldid=1093440848, Articles needing additional references from September 2014, All articles needing additional references, Articles with limited geographic scope from February 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 16 June 2022, at 16:50. The length of each path is precisely measured in the factory. Reference Rotary Gas Meters EFS-R are intended for installation on reference calibration rigs for calibration and verification of gas meters of any type with air as operating environment. These procedures give guidance on the design and usage of high accuracy meter installations of piped Natural Gas in a specific pressure range, such as compressor stations, This standard contains guidance on the appropriate installation and usage of systems designed to convert gas volume readings to base conditions, This standard extensively details the requirements for the installation and usage of gas meters used in a non-domestic setting, This Standard provides requirements for the selection, installation, inspection and maintenance of electrical equipment connected to gas meter installations, This standard covers the classification of dangerous areas, those in which explosive gas mixtures may be present, for gas metering equipment, Flow rate exceeding 6m3 h-1 and inlet pressure up to and not exceeding 38 bar. Next, the gas goes to natural gas liquid separators and perhaps a debutanizer and/or an H2S separator. Flow Metering Complexes for Custody Transfer of Natural Gas Temperature, pressure, and heating value compensation must be made to measure actual amount and value of gas moving through a meter. Gas meters are used at residential, commercial, and industrial buildings that consume fuel gas supplied by a gas utility. DP meters measure volumetric flow through a calibrated orifice (generally a flow plate), are inexpensive, and simple in concept. [6] These sizes are typically 10Lt, 20Lt, 30Lt, 45Lt, or 60Lt, though smaller and larger sizes are available. (and, in fact, are often one or two pipe sizes smaller than the lines in which they are installed, which contributes to pressure drop). Energoflow GFE-201, GFE-202 Since then, the vast majority are now placed outside though there are a few exceptions especially in older cities. Coriolis flowmeters measure mass flow and density directly. meter flow gas digital natural This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. The other paths may be identical or similar, except that the sound pulses travel downstream. Some of these paths point upstream so that the sum of the times of flight of the sonic pulses can be divided by the sum of the flight lengths to provide an average speed of sound in the upstream direction. To resume gas supply, the person using the equipment must press a special button or complete the procedure in any other prescribed manner. Ultrasonic gas flow meters Energoflow GFE-211 and GFE-212 are a brilliant example of genial engineering for achieving optimal solution for gas flow measurement in large pipes and in cases where installation of inline meters is technically or commercial not viable. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The other is allocation, defined as "the transfer of goods between two points generally not governed by a buy/sell contract," while custody transfer is done under a contractual obligation between buyer and seller that may require adherence to accuracy, repeatability, linearity, or uncertainty standards defined by measurement standards such as American Gas Association (AGA), American Petroleum Institute (API), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), GOST (Russian equivalent to API), and so on. Four-channel ultrasonic gas flow meter Energoflow GF- 404 is specially designed for applications where very high accuracy is required, e.g.
These meters do not impede the flow of gas, but are limited at measuring lower flow rates. 3 deals with a broad range of issues relating to orifice metering of natural gas, and it specifies an algorithm for calculating natural gas flow rates based on the differential pressure, static pressure, and temperature of a gas with a known composition. gas gas chart meter flow clocking furnace cfh btuh reading cubic feet determining output divided per hvac 10x 4-channel Flow Meters for Applications Requiring Enhanced Accuracy Aflex FaBLINE hose for Food and Beverage Processing, IronHorse Jet Pump and Stainless Steel Motors. While gas custody-transfer flow measurement can take place anywhere along the process value chain from the wellhead to delivery or sale location, for the lowest uncertainty in measurement, it generally takes place at stable, predictable single-phase locations or physically discrete hand-over points (e.g., platform/production exit location, pipeline entry/exit, terminal entry, etc.). The most common are indicators that use multiple clock hands (pointer style) or digital readouts similar to an odometer, but remote readouts of various types are also becoming popular see Automatic meter reading and Smart meter. gas natural sub metering thermal using flow meters mass consumption submetering zones monitoring individual rate For this reason, they are generally restricted to applications in which pressure drop is of limited concern. They are, for example, a good fit for the inputs and outputs of cryogenic gas processing plants and for feeds to large industrial users such as power plants. The meters are produced of four nominal sizes G1.6, G2.5, G4, G6 in three modifications: The shut-off valve eliminates the risk of gas contamination (for stoves not equipped with gas control system) and helps to cut off gas supply in case the gas consumer has run out of credit. In addition, they generally are not available in sizes larger than 16 in. Ultrasonic gas flow meters Energoflow GFE-211 and GFE-212 are a brilliant example of genial engineering for achieving optimal solution for gas flow measurement in large pipes and in cases where installation of inline meters is technically or commercial not viable. This Standard covers the basic design principles and functions required of gas meter installations, This standard covers location, housings and compounds for flow rate exceeding 6 m3h-1 and inlet pressure up to and not exceeding 38 bar, This standard covers the fabrication, installation, testing and commissioning for flow rate exceeding 6 m3h-1 and inlet pressure up to and not exceeding 38 bar, This standard covers the operation and maintenance for flow rate exceeding 6 m3h-1 and inlet pressure up to and not exceeding 38 bar, This standard covers notices and labels for flow rate exceeding 6 m3h-1 and inlet pressure up to and not exceeding 38 bar, IGEM/GM/PRS/1 - Meter installation fittings, IGEM/GM/PRS/3 - Meter regulators for gas flow rates not exceeding 6 m3 h-1 and inlet pressures not exceeding 75 mbar, IGEM/GM/PRS/28 - Medium pressure single-stage regulators for gas flow rates not exceeding 6 m3 h-1, IGEM/GM/PRS/29 - Medium pressure two-stage meter regulators for gas flow rates, IGEM/GM/PRS/33 - Meter regulators of nominal diameter 32 mm and not exceeding 150 mm and for inlet pressures not exceeding 75 mb, Medium pressure meter installation kits for flow rates not exceeding 6 m3 h-1, This specification covers pre-assembled 6m3 h-1 low pressure meter installation kits. EIA predicts that by 2035, shale gas will account for nearly half of all U.S. gas production (see Figure 1). You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. gas btu scfh This speed differs from the speed of sound in the gas by the velocity at which the gas is moving in the pipe. During the last few years, there has been a tremendous increase in U.S. production of natural gas, much of it derived from fracking plays. Each path consists of an ultrasonic transducer at one end and a sensor at the other. Within the meter, two figure "8" shaped lobes, the rotors (also known as impellers or pistons), spin in precise alignment. They also generate a medium-to-large pressure loss, and they are not as accurate as other technologies, such as gas turbine, ultrasonic, or Coriolis meters. These thread sizes were originally named for the amount of gas designed to flow through them in terms of gas lamps, for example a 30-Lt. meter can provide enough gas for 30 lights and was referred to in the late 19th century as a 30-light-gas-meter. The volume of gas flow provided by a gas meter is just that, a reading of volume. 
Penalties for uncertainty in fiscal measurement. This works well as long as the system isnt pushed so hard that liquids or dirt are carried through into the flowmeter, which can reduce the orifice size and make the meter read high. The operating principle is similar to that of a Roots blower. The concentrators transfer collected information to the online network by any available means including GPRS/GSM/3G/Ethernet. The accuracy is generally laid down in statute for the location in which the meter is installed. 11 provides guidelines for obtaining good results when measuring natural gas with a coriolis meter. The use of DP meters for custody transfer is governed by API 14.3/AGA3 in North America and ISO 5167 globally. Rotary meters are highly machined precision instruments capable of handling higher volumes and pressures than diaphragm meters. American Gas Association Report No. Its interesting to note that while a Coriolis meter will give a density reading, in many markets, much of the accounting is done in terms of standard volume, which means it is still necessary to measure temperature and pressure, as well as gas composition. From the satellite skid, the gathered gas goes to a knockout pot or sand trap where bulk liquids and particles are removed and then to a flowmetergenerally a DP meter as wellthrough a 6- or 8-in. Pressure compensation then occurs in the utility's billing system. Several different designs of gas meters are in common use, depending on the volumetric flow rate of gas to be measured, the range of flows anticipated, the type of gas being measured, and other factors. They are however accepted and understood in industrial applications since they are easy to field-service and have no moving parts. Energoflow GFA-202 There are different styles available but most common is a contact closure switch. For this reason, accurate and repeatable measurement of natural gas flow requires simultaneous measurement of several other variables, including pressure, temperature, density, and gas composition. flow meter air digital mass portable gas 10l tester min rate Ultrasonic meters measure the speed of gas movement by measuring the speed at which sound travels in the gaseous medium within the pipe. Any refund is limited to the previous six years. Washington, DC: American Gas Association. pipe. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. If the meter is found to be reading within limits, the consumer has to pay the costs of testing (and pay any outstanding charges). Custody transfer is one of two forms of fiscal measurement. All forms of fiscal measurement can be affected by product quality, fluid properties and composition, operating parameters, maintenance practices, and technology type. It stores date/time-stamped volume records in memory long enough for a host system to retrieve the records as well as to allow time for human intervention if this retrieval fails to occur. ATRO Automation Technology for Robotics, TwinCAT Cogging Compensation for AL8000 linear motors, Contrinex Photoelectric Sensors with IO-Link Compatibility, Search Products And Discover New Innovations In Your Industry. These are the most common type of gas meter, seen in almost all residential and small commercial installations. flow mass rate 18kg meter min energy industrial equipmentimes Flow Metering Complexes for Custody Transfer of Natural Gas. By Dan Hackett, Emerson Process Management, By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies. These cookies do not store any personal information. American Gas Association Transmission Measurement Committee (2007). meters orifice flange spreadsheet flow mass thermal gas measurements dispersion technologies measurement flowmeter improved comparison selection instrumentation production figure The initial installation and initialization of HORN Gas Meters are performed using standard IR-DA port with a connection to the nearest concentrator in a network (within a radius of 500 meters). The flow computer receives volumetric flow measurement data from DP or ultrasonic gas meters, along with temperature and pressure, and calculates the flow rate. 9x'e;IyYT^/8:y,={aOT+ijM8~? The use of ultrasonic meters for custody transfer is governed by AGA-9 and ISO/DIS 17089-1 (see Figure 6). [3] However, the European Measuring Instrument Directive has harmonised gas meter errors across Europe and consequently meters manufactured since the directive came into force must read within 3%. Energoflow GF-201H, GF-202H ultrasonic gas flow meters are flanged section type flow meters specially designed for measuring flow velocity, volumetric flow rate and volume of gaseous substances (gases) transported through pipelines in the forward or reverse direction at high pressure (up-to 16 Mpa). See other articles from the supplement below. Four-channel ultrasonic gas flow meter Energoflow GF- 404 is specially designed for applications where very high accuracy is required, e.g. Pressure is generally not a problem; the meter is simply installed immediately downstream of a pressure regulator and is calibrated to read accurately at that pressure. insertion aliran terma bersaiz turbin saluran silverinstruments To calculate the energy flow, the flow computer needs information on gas composition (percentage of methane and heavy hydrocarbons, as well as any nitrogen and carbon dioxide) and density. The ultrasonic meter constantly measures the speed of sound in the flowing gas. Its important to note that shale gas, which is what is fueling the transformation of the energy industry, is different from conventional natural gas in several important ways. They work well where product density is not stable, such as, for example, critical-phase ethylene. Because a Coriolis meter measures mass flow directly, much of the calculation can be done by a flow computer built into that instrument. Fiscal measurement versus custody transfer. ^O3$~U=1`RaF ]K4{y#W Htl:KgzaCjI.N"#:"-,P#L/d40(.b&KvDv]:mb2>)8Z3rF,\y@cPlv.RCcog1m\9^sx49(wun1#. American Gas Association[1] covers the proper usage and installation of these meters, and it specifies a standardised speed-of-sound calculation which predicts the speed of sound in a gas with a known pressure, temperature, and composition. They do not need pressure and temperature compensation for fluid properties. Meters whose accuracy is disputed by the customer have to be removed for testing by an approved meter examiner. _%{L~?H [w8/pzyAx4~|PN 86 TE[ZrQ=C&2"Gi$ The use of Coriolis meters for custody transfer is governed by AGA-11. As the gas moves toward delivery to users smaller than power plants or cryogenic gas plants, line sizes tend to decrease, at which point Coriolis meters begin to reappear. Energoflow GFE-202 and GFE-201 are state-of-art ultrasonic gas flow meters designed for accurate and reliable measurement of flow velocity, volumetric flow rate and volume of gaseous substances (gases) transported through pipelines in the forward or reverse direction. Ultrasonic flow meters are more complex than meters that are purely mechanical, as they require significant signal processing and computation capabilities. A gas meter is a specialized flow meter, used to measure the volume of fuel gases such as natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. [4] If the meter is found to be reading outside of the prescribed limits, the supplier has to refund the consumer for gas incorrectly measured while that consumer had that meter (but not vice versa).
You may delete and block all cookies from this site, but parts of the site will not work. [7], The examples and perspective in this section. This contrasts with the position on electric meters, where the test is free and a refund is only given if the date that the meter started to read inaccurately can be determined. This effect implies a relationship between the phase difference in the vibration of the upstream and downstream sections and the mass flow rate of the fluid contained by the pipe. These calculations depend in part on the ideal gas law and also require a gas compressibility calculation in order to account for the fact that real gases are not ideal. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. As the gas travels along, the pipe size tends to increase, which is where ultrasonic gas meters come into their own. Review our, Neural networks in process control: Neural network architecture, controls, Ethernet as a leading machine automation protocol, CLPM: Improving process efficiency, throughput, Streamlining assembly systems using PC-based control, Celebrating 10 years of Applied Automation, Smart face mask, other wearables designed as personal health trackers, Soft actuators in robots emit light in colors, patterns, Waterproof sensors improve temperature and motion sensitivity, wearability, Standardizing data collection in breweries, Theory developed to help design systems that can interact more seamlessly, Instrumentation calibration best practices, benefits, Upgraded software enhances subsurface flow visualization capabilities. The only way to counter fouling in a DP meter is to send someone out periodically to inspect the orifice plate, which is expensive in terms of labor and can mean an interruption in production. Reference Rotary Gas Meters EFS-R are intended for installation on reference calibration rigs for calibration and verification of gas meters of any type with air as operating environment. meter flow gas natural quote Diaphragm gas meters are positive displacement meters. If you aready have an account, please Login, At current gas prices, an error of 1% in measuring 300 million ft3 of gas per day can lead to a difference of about $2 million per year (see Figure 2). This allows the meter to measure the flowing density of the gas in real time. Turbine, rotary, and diaphragm meters can be compensated using a calculation specified in American Gas Association Report No. gas orifice spreadsheet computation compute to design, engineering and manufacture of flow-metering solutions and related products based on the modern ultrasonic technology. Such devices are based on two types of technology: (1) time of flight or transit time; and (2) cross correlation. The frequency of this vibration is determined by the overall density of the pipe (including its contents). meter flow biogas gas nitrogen stainless steel line ask Energoflow GFE-202 and GFE-201 are state-of-art ultrasonic gas flow meters designed for accurate and reliable measurement of flow velocity, volumetric flow rate and volume of gaseous substances (gases) transported through pipelines in the forward or reverse direction. meter flow gas natural [5] If the meter cannot be tested or its reading is unreliable, the consumer and supplier have to negotiate a settlement. However, the additional paths usually are provided as a separate flowmeter within the same flowmeter body as a means of checking the overall operation of the meter (see Figure 5). Limitations of ultrasonic meters include the need for sufficient straight-run upstream or a flow conditioner. 8, detail characterization. The sudden appearance of liquids can indicate a problem with the separation equipment upstream of gas processing, while any ethanes or propanes that condense out of the natural gas flow downstream of gas processing are products that should have been separated for sale as liquids and indicate process issues with the gas processing plant. According to the federal Energy Information Administration (EIA), dry natural gas shipments increased from 1 trillion ft3 in 2000 to 5 trillion ft3 in 2010, and production increased by a factor of 12 in one decades time. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. zest !HE`PL:hr S 1*!UN-4`<20IN3=o39p: D8;?$= '5/92-/+ {j1%I*D&W2*CVt.OB(C+bdtZRx/pi`N WPpV51S&*,y^szE$D#oagNEQ%lj.d#<1=Lfe\Q^fW]ZGq/" h9&GG|zO?B8tka*BKUf1=u1]jhT&'t:TI~nYowkO`7 X6rEsRKW:hYI@a.Lu"| ;}]>nW*AA To measure either mass or volumetric flow, they must be corrected for density (mass) or temperature, pressure, and gas composition to obtain a standard reading. They are accepted broadly and are not limited in line size. Utility customers are billed according to the heat available in the gas. The flow computer also acts as a record keeper recording date and time, instantaneous, hourly, and daily data. 1 / 1 with optical port and built-in wireless modem; 0 / 0 without optical port and wireless modem. Coriolis meters are used with liquids and gases. Coriolis meters are physically large, relatively expensive, and produce pressure drop (see Figure 3). An orifice gas meter consists of a straight length of pipe inside which a precisely known orifice plate creates a pressure drop, thereby affecting flow. They usually are mandatory for custody transfer applications. 2 0 obj When the fluid within the displaced section is at rest, both the upstream and downstream portion of the displaced section will vibrate in phase with each other. gas meter orifice flow bore calculator excel pipe calculations mm Simple volumetric flow measurement technology is not the only consideration because the ultimate measurement-and what the customer pays for-is energy delivered. Flow measurement is critical at all points of the supply chain. The rest generally is heavy hydrocarbons: ethane, propane, butane, iso- and normal-pentane, etc. Reference Turbine Gas Meters EFS-T Any disagreement between the computed and measured values indicates a problem somewhere in the system. The complex can be used for reliable measurement of volumetric data of various gaseous media for custody transfer applications. gas flow meter volumetric trz meters eqz gases industrial turbine radial riels measuring principle low Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Energoflow GFE-211, GFE-212 Both technologies involve transducers that are simply clamped on to the pipe and programmed with the pipe size and schedule and can be used to calculate flow. %PDF-1.4 Any type of gas meter can be obtained with a wide variety of indicators. Remote reading is becoming popular for gas meters. Statutory provisions should also specify a procedure to be followed should the accuracy be disputed. With the gas flow directed by internal valves, the chambers alternately fill and expel gas, producing a nearly continuous flow through the meter. Orifice meters are a type of differential meter, all of which infer the rate of gas flow by measuring the pressure difference across a deliberately designed and installed flow disturbance. Orifice meters are a very commonly used type of meter, and because of their widespread use, the characteristics of gas flow through an orifice meter have been closely studied. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. To find out more about the cookies this site uses and how to delete them, please see the, Platinum Jubilee Statement from the IGEM President and CEO, Applies to inlet pressures exceeding 38 bar and not exceeding 100 bar. A very commonly used compressibility calculation is American Gas Association Report No. (1880) P. 224, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Flow conditioning#Effects on flow measurement devices, http://www.gasproductssales.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/swivel-nuts.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gas_meter&oldid=1093440848, Articles needing additional references from September 2014, All articles needing additional references, Articles with limited geographic scope from February 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 16 June 2022, at 16:50. The length of each path is precisely measured in the factory. Reference Rotary Gas Meters EFS-R are intended for installation on reference calibration rigs for calibration and verification of gas meters of any type with air as operating environment. These procedures give guidance on the design and usage of high accuracy meter installations of piped Natural Gas in a specific pressure range, such as compressor stations, This standard contains guidance on the appropriate installation and usage of systems designed to convert gas volume readings to base conditions, This standard extensively details the requirements for the installation and usage of gas meters used in a non-domestic setting, This Standard provides requirements for the selection, installation, inspection and maintenance of electrical equipment connected to gas meter installations, This standard covers the classification of dangerous areas, those in which explosive gas mixtures may be present, for gas metering equipment, Flow rate exceeding 6m3 h-1 and inlet pressure up to and not exceeding 38 bar. Next, the gas goes to natural gas liquid separators and perhaps a debutanizer and/or an H2S separator. Flow Metering Complexes for Custody Transfer of Natural Gas Temperature, pressure, and heating value compensation must be made to measure actual amount and value of gas moving through a meter. Gas meters are used at residential, commercial, and industrial buildings that consume fuel gas supplied by a gas utility. DP meters measure volumetric flow through a calibrated orifice (generally a flow plate), are inexpensive, and simple in concept. [6] These sizes are typically 10Lt, 20Lt, 30Lt, 45Lt, or 60Lt, though smaller and larger sizes are available. (and, in fact, are often one or two pipe sizes smaller than the lines in which they are installed, which contributes to pressure drop). Energoflow GFE-201, GFE-202 Since then, the vast majority are now placed outside though there are a few exceptions especially in older cities. Coriolis flowmeters measure mass flow and density directly. meter flow gas digital natural This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. The other paths may be identical or similar, except that the sound pulses travel downstream. Some of these paths point upstream so that the sum of the times of flight of the sonic pulses can be divided by the sum of the flight lengths to provide an average speed of sound in the upstream direction. To resume gas supply, the person using the equipment must press a special button or complete the procedure in any other prescribed manner. Ultrasonic gas flow meters Energoflow GFE-211 and GFE-212 are a brilliant example of genial engineering for achieving optimal solution for gas flow measurement in large pipes and in cases where installation of inline meters is technically or commercial not viable. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The other is allocation, defined as "the transfer of goods between two points generally not governed by a buy/sell contract," while custody transfer is done under a contractual obligation between buyer and seller that may require adherence to accuracy, repeatability, linearity, or uncertainty standards defined by measurement standards such as American Gas Association (AGA), American Petroleum Institute (API), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), GOST (Russian equivalent to API), and so on. Four-channel ultrasonic gas flow meter Energoflow GF- 404 is specially designed for applications where very high accuracy is required, e.g.
