(2020) 20:1247. (1999) 13:100724. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. (2001) 79:1707. Young JI, Zuchner S, Wang G. Regulation of the Epigenome by Vitamin C. Annu Rev Nutr. Biochim Biophys Acta. (2016) 74:34553. 
Claudins and epithelial paracellular transport. vitamin airborne gummies flavored blackmores sidomuncul 1000mg J Lab Clin Med. Artmed.
Nutrients. Foster M, Samman S. Zinc and regulation of inflammatory cytokines: implications for cardiometabolic disease. Crit Care. Am J Clin Nutr. Ann N Y Acad Sci. DNA Cell Biol. Effect of zinc amino acid chelate and zinc sulfate in the incidence of respiratory infection and diarrhea among preschool children in child daycare centers. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585, 65. Hemila H, Chalker E. Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. Takeichi M. Morphogenetic roles of classic cadherins. zinc Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, de Groot RJ, Drosten C, Gulyaeva AA, et al. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2009.05.009, 180. Braiman M. Latitude Dependence of the COVID-19 Mortality Rate A Possible Relationship to Vitamin D Deficiency? Immunosenescence of ageing.
(2020).
Zihni C, Mills C, Matter K, Balda MS. Bao S, Knoell DL. Hiedra R, Lo KB, Elbashabsheh M, Gul F, Wright RM, Albano J, et al. (1992) 24:17783. (2010) 39:795808.
Wang X, Valenzano MC, Mercado JM, Zurbach EP, Mullin JM. Potential interventions for SARS-CoV-2 infections: zinc showing promise. Ozata M, Mergen M, Oktenli C, Aydin A, Sanisoglu SY, Bolu E, et al. Exp Cell Res. (2020) 74:110834. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110834, 15. The use of IV vitamin C for patients with COVID-19: a case series. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra070553, 132. 141. Burr ML, Elwood PC, Hole DJ, Hurley RJ, Hughes RE. Vitamin C revisited. Ann N Y Acad Sci. (2020). In this scenario, the mentioned studies demonstrate that zinc and vitamins C and D are integral parts of the immune system and show synergistic functions at various stages of the host defenses, such as the maintenance of the integrity of biological barriers and the functionality of cells that make up the innate and adaptive systems. Romano L, Bilotta F, Dauri M, Macheda S, Pujia A, De Santis GL, et al. (2012) 4:67694. Pediatr Infect Dis J. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(82)90214-8, 130. JN contributed to the study concept. Arch Physiol Biochem. Eur J Clin Nutr. (2020).
Desmosomes: essential contributors to an integrated intercellular junction network. rj'OOO? The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. (2020) 323:10619. Am J Ophthalmol. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. N Engl J Med. Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Biochemistry. Elevated levels of IL-6 and CRP predict the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19. doi: 10.1134/S0006297915010022, 134. Front Immunol. Eggert JV, Siegler RL, Edomkesmalee E. Zinc supplementation in chronic renal failure.
(2020) 7980:110948. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110948, 121. Zinc modulates cytokine-induced lung epithelial cell barrier permeability. (2002) 86:10722. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26360.
Nutrients. Review article: gastrointestinal features in COVID-19 and the possibility of faecal transmission. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak.
doi: 10.1210/jcem-64-6-1165, 131. Nature. Daneshkhah A, Agrawal V, Eshein A, Subramanian H, Roy HK, Backman V. The possible role of Vitamin D in suppressing cytokine storm and associated mortality in COVID-19 Patients. N Engl J Med. - and ONOO, thus avoiding the dephosphorylation of occludins and the consequent loosening of tight junctions (190192). doi: 10.1096/fasebj.13.9.1007, 97. doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00410-0, 14. (2020) 5:53644. Vitamin C supplementation slightly improves physical activity levels and reduces cold incidence in men with marginal vitamin C status: a randomized controlled trial. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. 58. Marreiro DN, Fisberg M, Cozzolino SM. Holick MF. The clinical effects of vitamin C supplementation in elderly hospitalised patients with acute respiratory infections. Inflamm Bowel Dis. (2000) 133:24552. Nature. 110. Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The importance of recognising possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0608757103. (2020) 12:372. doi: 10.3390/v12040372, 168. Crit Care. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01289.x, 61. Int J Infect Dis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. Zinc and respiratory tract infections: perspectives for COVID19 (Review). (2012) 26(Suppl. Viruses. Science. COVID-19: repositioning nutrition research for the next pandemic.
doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.003. (2020) 12:236. doi: 10.3390/nu12010236, 18. In addition, the expression of these two claudins was induced in Caco-2 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner by treatment with 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D, showing that both are vitamin D signaling targets. Nature. 74. Nat Microbiol.
94. (2016) 31:26770.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. (2007) 211:14456. (2020) 52:40911. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00300.2011, 115. (2019) 5:18. doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0069-0, 114. Biol Trace Elem Res. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7546, 158. (2020) 63:3835. (2020) 8:232. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00232. 66. Lu CW, Liu XF, Jia ZF. (2001) 7:948. Virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of COVID-19. 3CfB`2a*M>Y* f"?u60eS~Oo%t]z9UOuL#~JW] Escaffit F, Boudreau F, Beaulieu JF. JN and CP critically reviewed the article. Berg K, Bolt G, Andersen H, Owen TC. Ann Nutr Metab. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. Editorial: low population mortality from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity. Arvinte C, Singh M, Marik PE. (2020) 12:2550. doi: 10.3390/nu12092550, 20.
Med Drug Discov. Br J Nutr. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.001, 80.
Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. (2002) 139:3115. (2020) 18:322. doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02488-5, 137. Wong CP, Magnusson KR, Ho E. Increased inflammatory response in aged mice is associated with age-related zinc deficiency and zinc transporter dysregulation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. Li JO, Lam DSC, Chen Y, Ting DSW. (2006) 22:20735. Dhama K, Patel SK, Kumar R, Rana J, Yatoo MI, Kumar A, et al. (2016) 188(Suppl. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. Available online at: https://www.who.int/whr/2002/chapter4/en/index3.html (accessed April 17, 2020). (2007) 88(Pt 4):120617. Increased oxidative stress and hypozincemia in male obesity.
doi: 10.1111/bcp.13057, 93. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/27.2.144, 101. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Sanchez J, Villada OA, Rojas ML, Montoya L, Diaz A, Vargas C, et al. Kaushik N, Anang S, Ganti KP, Surjit M. Zinc: a potential antiviral against hepatitis E virus infection? Clin Biochem. Teoh KT, Siu YL, Chan WL, Schluter MA, Liu CJ, Peiris JS, et al. doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0661-0, 164. (2016) 17:56480. Therefore, the deficiency or insufficiency of these key nutrients, acting in synergy in tight and adherens junction proteins, can lead to impairment of mucosal epithelial cells, possibly making them more susceptible to pathogen entry, such as SARS-CoV-2. (2007) 190:40815. Childs CE, Calder PC, Miles EA. Biochim Biophys Acta. Am J Physiol.
doi: 10.1111/apt.15731, 79. (2020) 46:1726. Matthay MA, Zemans RL, Zimmerman GA, Arabi YM, Beitler JR, Mercat A, et al. Hoang BX, Shaw DG, Fang W, Han B. ^The triage theory postulates that in the event of a nutrient deficiency, that nutrient is allocated primarily to functions related to immediate survival while long-term functions are impaired (26). (1988) 48:13079. Cell adhesion: the molecular basis of tissue architecture and morphogenesis. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5, 81. Br J Ophthalmol. Antiviral activity of zinc salts against transmissible gastroenteritis virus in vitro. Johnston CS, Barkyoumb GM, Schumacher SS. O sistema endocrinolgico vitamina D. Arq Bra Endocrinol Metabol. Diet and immune function. (2020). (2009) 1165:628. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nu.06.070186.002053, 98. Importance of zinc in the elderly: the ZENITH study. J Cell Physiol. In human corneal epithelial cells, the metabolites 1,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 increased barrier function, with increased expression of occludin proteins (194). doi: 10.1002/rmv.2032, 138. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4812, 163. Berger MM, Oudemans-van Straaten HM. Childhood and Maternal Undernutrition (2002). ?SitMXa$9{>]D4ur(0? 1. doi: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1540904, 147. (2020) 23:25662. Unusual early recovery of a critical COVID-19 patient after administration of intravenous vitamin C. Am J Case Rep. (2020) 21:e925521. Hemila H, Chalker E. The effectiveness of high dose zinc acetate lozenges on various common cold symptoms: a meta-analysis. Antioxidant vitamins and mortality in older persons: findings from the nutrition add-on study to the Medical Research Council Trial of Assessment and Management of Older People in the Community. Immunol Cell Biol. Lancet. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.008, 122. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. Does vitamin C act as a pro-oxidant under physiological conditions? doi: 10.1210/endo.138.6.5156, 146. (2020). (1974) 248:58890. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.07.005, 4. Nutrients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Chapter 4. Nutraceuticals have potential for boosting the type 1 interferon response to RNA viruses including influenza and coronavirus. Other evidence of the function of vitamin D in the integrity of tight and adherens junctions is found in human colon cancer cell lines. (2020) 12:988. doi: 10.3390/nu12040988. (2018) 37:5939. Miyoshi Y, Tanabe S, Suzuki T. Cellular zinc is required for intestinal epithelial barrier maintenance via the regulation of claudin-3 and occludin expression. Diet supplementation, probiotics, and nutraceuticals in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a scoping review. !d14IYXr*};@K\.&Zbe!T&I+TEjGR7sI#nf2SaW3^S0.c#GqCfQk^i;f!"Swj"9&lM)X-isS&B-YLg5J: @jcSrh` *,$KejYX{IZA55|&f|sD^__^#24fD9[Ha;Jd)$L&u 7J&s3KM;Yd\+1nRE4c3Dl I;/rif::p#Un4>lB Malek Mahdavi A. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
doi: 10.1167/iovs.11-7605, 195. (1986) 6:365406. doi: 10.3390/nu4070676, 53. Sturniolo GC, Di Leo V, Ferronato A, D'Odorico A, D'Inca R. Zinc supplementation tightens leaky gut in Crohn's disease. Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Aliano JL, et al. emergen 30ct 1000mg (1998) 392:1903. (2007) 52:211321. J Interferon Cytokine Res. PDTC inhibits picornavirus polyprotein processing and RNA replication by transporting zinc ions into cells. Pludowski P, Holick MF, Pilz S, Wagner CL, Hollis BW, Grant WB, et al. (2006) 291:L11321141. Its importance is revealed by the fact that the loss of E-cadherin expression, a common event during the transition from adenoma to carcinoma, promotes considerable epithelial morphological changes and the acquisition of invasive capacity (198200).
Perl AK, Wilgenbus P, Dahl U, Semb H, Christofori G. A causal role for E-cadherin in the transition from adenoma to carcinoma. (2020) 12:1718. doi: 10.3390/nu12061718, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, 3. The benefits of Vitamin D in the COVID-19 pandemic: biochemical and immunological mechanisms. Klotman ME, Chang TL. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.87a.ccc046. (2020) 7:8590. 2):S14. [Epub ahead of print]. J Intern Med. doi: 10.1007/s10620-007-9765-9, 183. Goring H, Koshuchowa S. Vitamin D the sun hormone. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.02.018, 123. Diabetes Metab Syndr. Arch Biochem Biophys. Cleve Clin J Med. (2009) 6:9. doi: 10.1186/1742-4933-6-9, 72. Calder PC, Carr AC, Gombart AF, Eggersdorfer M. Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections. Catarino AM, Claro C, Viana I. Vitamin D - current perspectives. vcaps doi: 10.1017/S0007114509289033, 184. Mol Med Rep. (2017) 16:74328. X0,k$BMQTbVstKXCZC: Jsv4qpj+]%`={(4S%Tz4P,".FhcNWb!bI,nf}@4U?jTmX"`kz1\MqT%t@9.
doi: 10.1177/147323001003800203, 34. Supplemental zinc reduced intestinal permeability by enhancing occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) expression in weaning piglets. (2003) 78:9991010. Lancet. Vitamin C supplementation in the critically ill patient. Ames BN.
Claudins and epithelial paracellular transport. vitamin airborne gummies flavored blackmores sidomuncul 1000mg J Lab Clin Med. Artmed. Nutrients. Foster M, Samman S. Zinc and regulation of inflammatory cytokines: implications for cardiometabolic disease. Crit Care. Am J Clin Nutr. Ann N Y Acad Sci. DNA Cell Biol. Effect of zinc amino acid chelate and zinc sulfate in the incidence of respiratory infection and diarrhea among preschool children in child daycare centers. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585, 65. Hemila H, Chalker E. Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. Takeichi M. Morphogenetic roles of classic cadherins. zinc Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, de Groot RJ, Drosten C, Gulyaeva AA, et al. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2009.05.009, 180. Braiman M. Latitude Dependence of the COVID-19 Mortality Rate A Possible Relationship to Vitamin D Deficiency? Immunosenescence of ageing.
(2020).
Zihni C, Mills C, Matter K, Balda MS. Bao S, Knoell DL. Hiedra R, Lo KB, Elbashabsheh M, Gul F, Wright RM, Albano J, et al. (1992) 24:17783. (2010) 39:795808.
Wang X, Valenzano MC, Mercado JM, Zurbach EP, Mullin JM. Potential interventions for SARS-CoV-2 infections: zinc showing promise. Ozata M, Mergen M, Oktenli C, Aydin A, Sanisoglu SY, Bolu E, et al. Exp Cell Res. (2020) 74:110834. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110834, 15. The use of IV vitamin C for patients with COVID-19: a case series. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra070553, 132. 141. Burr ML, Elwood PC, Hole DJ, Hurley RJ, Hughes RE. Vitamin C revisited. Ann N Y Acad Sci. (2020). In this scenario, the mentioned studies demonstrate that zinc and vitamins C and D are integral parts of the immune system and show synergistic functions at various stages of the host defenses, such as the maintenance of the integrity of biological barriers and the functionality of cells that make up the innate and adaptive systems. Romano L, Bilotta F, Dauri M, Macheda S, Pujia A, De Santis GL, et al. (2012) 4:67694. Pediatr Infect Dis J. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(82)90214-8, 130. JN contributed to the study concept. Arch Physiol Biochem. Eur J Clin Nutr. (2020).
Desmosomes: essential contributors to an integrated intercellular junction network. rj'OOO? The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. (2020) 323:10619. Am J Ophthalmol. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. N Engl J Med. Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Biochemistry. Elevated levels of IL-6 and CRP predict the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19. doi: 10.1134/S0006297915010022, 134. Front Immunol. Eggert JV, Siegler RL, Edomkesmalee E. Zinc supplementation in chronic renal failure.
(2020) 7980:110948. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110948, 121. Zinc modulates cytokine-induced lung epithelial cell barrier permeability. (2002) 86:10722. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26360. Nutrients. Review article: gastrointestinal features in COVID-19 and the possibility of faecal transmission. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak.
doi: 10.1210/jcem-64-6-1165, 131. Nature. Daneshkhah A, Agrawal V, Eshein A, Subramanian H, Roy HK, Backman V. The possible role of Vitamin D in suppressing cytokine storm and associated mortality in COVID-19 Patients. N Engl J Med. - and ONOO, thus avoiding the dephosphorylation of occludins and the consequent loosening of tight junctions (190192). doi: 10.1096/fasebj.13.9.1007, 97. doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00410-0, 14. (2020) 5:53644. Vitamin C supplementation slightly improves physical activity levels and reduces cold incidence in men with marginal vitamin C status: a randomized controlled trial. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. 58. Marreiro DN, Fisberg M, Cozzolino SM. Holick MF. The clinical effects of vitamin C supplementation in elderly hospitalised patients with acute respiratory infections. Inflamm Bowel Dis. (2000) 133:24552. Nature. 110. Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The importance of recognising possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0608757103. (2020) 12:372. doi: 10.3390/v12040372, 168. Crit Care. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01289.x, 61. Int J Infect Dis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. Zinc and respiratory tract infections: perspectives for COVID19 (Review). (2012) 26(Suppl. Viruses. Science. COVID-19: repositioning nutrition research for the next pandemic.
doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.003. (2020) 12:236. doi: 10.3390/nu12010236, 18. In addition, the expression of these two claudins was induced in Caco-2 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner by treatment with 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D, showing that both are vitamin D signaling targets. Nature. 74. Nat Microbiol.
94. (2016) 31:26770.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. (2007) 211:14456. (2020) 52:40911. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00300.2011, 115. (2019) 5:18. doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0069-0, 114. Biol Trace Elem Res. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7546, 158. (2020) 63:3835. (2020) 8:232. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00232. 66. Lu CW, Liu XF, Jia ZF. (2001) 7:948. Virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of COVID-19. 3CfB`2a*M>Y* f"?u60eS~Oo%t]z9UOuL#~JW] Escaffit F, Boudreau F, Beaulieu JF. JN and CP critically reviewed the article. Berg K, Bolt G, Andersen H, Owen TC. Ann Nutr Metab. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. Editorial: low population mortality from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity. Arvinte C, Singh M, Marik PE. (2020) 12:2550. doi: 10.3390/nu12092550, 20.
Med Drug Discov. Br J Nutr. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.001, 80.
Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. (2002) 139:3115. (2020) 18:322. doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02488-5, 137. Wong CP, Magnusson KR, Ho E. Increased inflammatory response in aged mice is associated with age-related zinc deficiency and zinc transporter dysregulation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. Li JO, Lam DSC, Chen Y, Ting DSW. (2006) 22:20735. Dhama K, Patel SK, Kumar R, Rana J, Yatoo MI, Kumar A, et al. (2016) 188(Suppl. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. Available online at: https://www.who.int/whr/2002/chapter4/en/index3.html (accessed April 17, 2020). (2007) 88(Pt 4):120617. Increased oxidative stress and hypozincemia in male obesity.
doi: 10.1111/bcp.13057, 93. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/27.2.144, 101. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Sanchez J, Villada OA, Rojas ML, Montoya L, Diaz A, Vargas C, et al. Kaushik N, Anang S, Ganti KP, Surjit M. Zinc: a potential antiviral against hepatitis E virus infection? Clin Biochem. Teoh KT, Siu YL, Chan WL, Schluter MA, Liu CJ, Peiris JS, et al. doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0661-0, 164. (2016) 17:56480. Therefore, the deficiency or insufficiency of these key nutrients, acting in synergy in tight and adherens junction proteins, can lead to impairment of mucosal epithelial cells, possibly making them more susceptible to pathogen entry, such as SARS-CoV-2. (2007) 190:40815. Childs CE, Calder PC, Miles EA. Biochim Biophys Acta. Am J Physiol.
doi: 10.1111/apt.15731, 79. (2020) 46:1726. Matthay MA, Zemans RL, Zimmerman GA, Arabi YM, Beitler JR, Mercat A, et al. Hoang BX, Shaw DG, Fang W, Han B. ^The triage theory postulates that in the event of a nutrient deficiency, that nutrient is allocated primarily to functions related to immediate survival while long-term functions are impaired (26). (1988) 48:13079. Cell adhesion: the molecular basis of tissue architecture and morphogenesis. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5, 81. Br J Ophthalmol. Antiviral activity of zinc salts against transmissible gastroenteritis virus in vitro. Johnston CS, Barkyoumb GM, Schumacher SS. O sistema endocrinolgico vitamina D. Arq Bra Endocrinol Metabol. Diet and immune function. (2020). (2009) 1165:628. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nu.06.070186.002053, 98. Importance of zinc in the elderly: the ZENITH study. J Cell Physiol. In human corneal epithelial cells, the metabolites 1,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 increased barrier function, with increased expression of occludin proteins (194). doi: 10.1002/rmv.2032, 138. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4812, 163. Berger MM, Oudemans-van Straaten HM. Childhood and Maternal Undernutrition (2002). ?SitMXa$9{>]D4ur(0? 1. doi: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1540904, 147. (2020) 23:25662. Unusual early recovery of a critical COVID-19 patient after administration of intravenous vitamin C. Am J Case Rep. (2020) 21:e925521. Hemila H, Chalker E. The effectiveness of high dose zinc acetate lozenges on various common cold symptoms: a meta-analysis. Antioxidant vitamins and mortality in older persons: findings from the nutrition add-on study to the Medical Research Council Trial of Assessment and Management of Older People in the Community. Immunol Cell Biol. Lancet. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.008, 122. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. Does vitamin C act as a pro-oxidant under physiological conditions? doi: 10.1210/endo.138.6.5156, 146. (2020). (1974) 248:58890. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.07.005, 4. Nutrients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Chapter 4. Nutraceuticals have potential for boosting the type 1 interferon response to RNA viruses including influenza and coronavirus. Other evidence of the function of vitamin D in the integrity of tight and adherens junctions is found in human colon cancer cell lines. (2020) 12:988. doi: 10.3390/nu12040988. (2018) 37:5939. Miyoshi Y, Tanabe S, Suzuki T. Cellular zinc is required for intestinal epithelial barrier maintenance via the regulation of claudin-3 and occludin expression. Diet supplementation, probiotics, and nutraceuticals in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a scoping review. !d14IYXr*};@K\.&Zbe!T&I+TEjGR7sI#nf2SaW3^S0.c#GqCfQk^i;f!"Swj"9&lM)X-isS&B-YLg5J: @jcSrh` *,$KejYX{IZA55|&f|sD^__^#24fD9[Ha;Jd)$L&u 7J&s3KM;Yd\+1nRE4c3Dl I;/rif::p#Un4>lB Malek Mahdavi A. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
doi: 10.1167/iovs.11-7605, 195. (1986) 6:365406. doi: 10.3390/nu4070676, 53. Sturniolo GC, Di Leo V, Ferronato A, D'Odorico A, D'Inca R. Zinc supplementation tightens leaky gut in Crohn's disease. Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Aliano JL, et al. emergen 30ct 1000mg (1998) 392:1903. (2007) 52:211321. J Interferon Cytokine Res. PDTC inhibits picornavirus polyprotein processing and RNA replication by transporting zinc ions into cells. Pludowski P, Holick MF, Pilz S, Wagner CL, Hollis BW, Grant WB, et al. (2006) 291:L11321141. Its importance is revealed by the fact that the loss of E-cadherin expression, a common event during the transition from adenoma to carcinoma, promotes considerable epithelial morphological changes and the acquisition of invasive capacity (198200).
Perl AK, Wilgenbus P, Dahl U, Semb H, Christofori G. A causal role for E-cadherin in the transition from adenoma to carcinoma. (2020) 12:1718. doi: 10.3390/nu12061718, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, 3. The benefits of Vitamin D in the COVID-19 pandemic: biochemical and immunological mechanisms. Klotman ME, Chang TL. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.87a.ccc046. (2020) 7:8590. 2):S14. [Epub ahead of print]. J Intern Med. doi: 10.1007/s10620-007-9765-9, 183. Goring H, Koshuchowa S. Vitamin D the sun hormone. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.02.018, 123. Diabetes Metab Syndr. Arch Biochem Biophys. Cleve Clin J Med. (2009) 6:9. doi: 10.1186/1742-4933-6-9, 72. Calder PC, Carr AC, Gombart AF, Eggersdorfer M. Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections. Catarino AM, Claro C, Viana I. Vitamin D - current perspectives. vcaps doi: 10.1017/S0007114509289033, 184. Mol Med Rep. (2017) 16:74328. X0,k$BMQTbVstKXCZC: Jsv4qpj+]%`={(4S%Tz4P,".FhcNWb!bI,nf}@4U?jTmX"`kz1\MqT%t@9.
doi: 10.1177/147323001003800203, 34. Supplemental zinc reduced intestinal permeability by enhancing occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) expression in weaning piglets. (2003) 78:9991010. Lancet. Vitamin C supplementation in the critically ill patient. Ames BN.