As you age, and as skin gets damaged through external aggressors, the quality and quantity of your own ceramides reduce. So far we were writing about ceramides in plural. Ceramides make up 50% of the goopy stuff that's between our skin cells and play a super important role in having a healthy skin barrier and keeping the skin hydrated. Firstly, it's stability is only similar to that of pure ascorbic acid (AA), which means it is not really stable. Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice, Glycerin, Aqua (Water), Propylene Glycol, Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Vp Copolymer, Canola Oil, Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Lecithin, Sodium Hyaluronate, Tocopherol, Opuntia Ficus-Indica (Prickly Pear) Seed Oil, Salicylic Acid, Adansonia Digitata (Baobab) Seed Oil, Citrullus Lanatus (Watermelon) Seed Oil, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Phospholipids, Xanthan Gum, Betula Alba (Birch) Bark Extract, Citric Acid, Behenic Acid, Ceramide Np, Cholesterol, Ceramide Ns, Ethylhexylglycerin, Ceramide Ap, Ceramide Eop, Ceramide Eos, Caprooyl Phytosphingosine, Caprooyl Sphingosine, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Benzyl Alcohol, Potassium Sorbate, Ceteareth-25, Glyceryl Caprylate, Glyceryl Undecylenate, Propanediol, Cetyl Alcohol, Potassium Hydroxide, Sodium Gluconate, Sorbic Acid, Phenoxyethanol. I'm obsessed! It's because there are lots of different ceramides, a 2014article writes that currently 12 base classes of ceramides are known with over 340 specific species. These lipid mixtures are great for improving skin tone and texture and for reducing signs of irritated skin. You know I love multiuse products and the Ceramide Rescue Moisture Barrier Balm ticks that box, use in place of your moisturiser, an intense mask treatment or an overnight mask obviously I have tried all three! A great study in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology compared a bunch of vitamin C derivatives and this derivative was the only one where the study said in terms of stability that it's "similar to AA". We don't have description for this ingredient yet. Good old water, aka H2O. The goopy stuff between our skin cells is called extracellular matrix that consists mainly of lipids. By continuing to browse this site, you agree to the use of cookies to identify your session. For more stressed-out skin, apply a thicker layer as an overnight mask. Our partners and us collect data and use cookies, email pixels and similar tools to enhance your experience, analyse traffic and for ad personalisation and measurement. It contains tannins and triterpenes that give the extract antioxidant, anti-irritant and astringent magic properties. If skin barrier is compromised, make sure to remove retinols, acids or intense actives from your routine. Please remember that results will vary from person to person. This error message is only visible to WordPress admins, Image Skincare PREVENTION+ Daily Matte Moisturiser SPF 30 Review, Dr Renaud Mimosa Smoothing and Energising Cream Review, Kelsey Raspberry Farms Three Moons Brightening Concentrate Review, English Mineral Makeup Tone Correctors Review, Glow Recipe Watermelon Glow Pink Juice Moisturiser Review, Ceramides 5 types of ceramides mimic your skins natural barrier to aid hydration and suppleness whilst boosting overall health and strength, Sphingolipids help to replenish and strengthen the skin barrier, Fatty Acids & Cholesterol- Super effective when working alongside ceramides to improve skin tone, texture and irritation, Hyaluronic Acid improves and increases skin hydration. 0 About1820% of the peeled fruits are seeds, and the seeds contain only about 3-5% oil. It gives products a good skin feel and does not make the formula tacky or sticky. My skin looks plumper and is glowing a winning combination! Hyaluronic Acidfor added hydration, with incredible moisture binding abilities and a tiny molecular structure, Hyaluronic Acid can help hold moisture up to 1000 times its own weight when applied to the skin. One more thing: the water used in cosmetics is purified and deionized (it means that almost all of the mineral ions inside it is removed). It firmly has its place at my bedside, if your skin is in need of some TLC and you are looking to strengthen your skin barrier and improve hydration the Ceramide Rescue Moisture Barrier Balm is definitely one to try! Sorry, there seems to have been an error. status Jojoba oil - a wax ester (chemically not a real oil), that's very similar to human sebum. Hyaluronic Acid, fatty acids and lipids work in partnership with ceramides, mimicking the skins natural building blocks, helping to restore and rebuild the skins natural barrier function, whilst locking in and retaining moisture. Even if you heat it to 370 C (698 F) for 96 hours, it does notbudge.
We are highly skeptical what effect a tiny amount of AP has in a formula. Desert Milk Complex-Jojoba, Watermelon, Aloe, Baobab and Kalahari Melon help plump and smooth, improving elasticity whilst rebuilding the skins protective layer. But before we go into the details, let's just quickly define what the heck ceramides are: A natural multi-functional ingredient that has emollient and moisturizing properties, can work as a co-emulsifier and has a strong antimicrobial activity. Used alone, it can make the formula sticky and it is a good team player so it is usually combined with other thickeners and so-calledrheology modifiers (helper ingredients that adjust the flow and thus the feel of the formula). item in your basket Third, jojoba oil moisturizes the skin through a unique dual action:on the one hand, it mixes with sebum and forms a thin, non-greasy, semi-occlusive layer; on the other hand, it absorbs into the skin through pores and hair follicles thendiffuses into the intercellular spaces of the outer layer of the skin to make it soft and supple. You must go and read our geeky detailsabout it.). A nourishing and moisturizing plant oil coming from the big, iconic Baobab tree. It's believed that ceramide 1 plays a "binding role" in the lipid layers of the extracellular matrix. It's one of the important lipids that can be found naturally in the outer layer of the skin.
One of the gold standard ingredients for treating problem skin. If the product is too runny, a little xanthan gum will make it more gel-like. It is also rich in antioxidant vitamin E(110mg/100g) and in anti-inflammatory sterols (beta-sitosterol, campesterol). In spite of this, if you search for "hyaluronic acid vs sodium hyaluronate" you will find on multiple places that sodium hyaluronate is smaller and can penetrate the skin better.
5000, ( It is there in lots of products in tiny amounts (honestly, we do not really understand why), however, we do not know about any vitamin C serum featuring AP in high amounts. A real oldie but a goodie. Oh, and one more thing: alkaline pH inhibits enzymes that help ceramide synthesis in our skin. (Many plant oils tend to go off pretty quickly).
A so-calledfatty (the good, non-drying kind of)alcohol that does all kinds of things in a skincare product: it makes your skin feel smooth and nice (emollient), helps to thicken up products and also helps water and oil to blend (emulsifier). It was only an in-vitro study meaning that it was done on cellcultures and not on real people, but still, this also does not support the use of AP too much. It is a native to Mexico cactus withlarge, sweet fruits that are used to create jam and jellies. Desert Milk Complex Including Jojoba, Watermelon, Aloe, Baobab and Kahlahari Melon to smooth, plump and improve skin elasticity a magic complex it leaves a veil of hydration on the skin which can last up to 72 hours. Thats where Scientias Ceramide Skin Rescue Moisture Barrier Balm steps in. According to The National Sunflower Association, there is evidencethat both the plant and its oil were used by American Indians in the area of Arizona and New Mexico about 3000 BC. For that to happen, there has to be water in the product and the right pH value (pH 3-4). So being a wax ester results in a couple of unique properties: First, jojoba oil is extremely stable. A kind of polymer (big molecule from repeated subunits) thathelps to create beautiful gel-like textures. Let me know in the comments! Tried this product after getting hooked on their Notox product. It's similar to the more often used sodium hydroxideand pretty much the same of what we wrote there applies here too. The neutralized form of gluconic acid. Third, another study that wanted to examine the antioxidant properties of AP was surprised to find that even though AP does have nice antioxidant properties;following UVB radiation (the same one that comesfrom the sun) it also promotes lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity. It is a native to Mexico cactus withlarge, sweet fruits that are used to create jam and jellies. Get a FREE travel size Dusk Elixir Active Oil Blend with any 34 spend on Scientia. As a high-linoleic oil, it has a light skin feeling, absorbs easily into the top layer of the skin and gives a velvety skin feel. It can also be a pH regulator and a humectant (helps skin to cling onto water). My skin feels and looks healthier, it helps skin to maintain moisture which is no mean feat in these colder months and I love that I can see and feel the improvement in my dry and dehydrated areas. :) You are almost done: please check your mailbox to confirm your email! Pure Vitamin E. Great antioxidant that gives significant photoprotection against UVB rays. Ceramides get quite a lot of hype recently and good news: there is a reason for that. Baobab is a really big, iconic tree native to Africa (here is a nice image of it). Usually the main solvent in cosmetic products. An error has occurred. It can be found in nature - in green tea - but the version used in cosmetics is synthetic. TARGETS: Damaged moisture barrier & stressed out skin. Chemically, this is definitely not true, as the two forms are almost the same, both are polymers and the subunits can be repeated in both forms as much as you like. We have written way more about ceramides at ceramide 1, so click here to know more. It's one of those things that help your cosmetics not to go wrong too soon, aka a preservative. Together with ceramides and fatty acids, they play a vital role in having a healthy skin barrier and keeping the skin hydrated. At first glance, it seems like your average emollient plant oil: it looks like an oil and it's nourishing and moisturizing to the skin but if we dig a bit deeper, it turns out that jojoba oil is really special and unique: technically - or rather chemically - it's not an oil but awax ester (and calling it an oil is kind of sloppy). It's also loaded withfatty acids(mostly linoleic (50-74%) and oleic (14-35%)). A kind of polymer (big molecule from repeated subunits) thathelps to create beautiful gel-like textures. It's also atexturizer and thickener for oil-in-water emulsions. It's also atexturizer and thickener for oil-in-water emulsions. Can be derived from coconut or palm kernel oil. Like crazy stable. Even if it can beconverted, the palmitate part of the molecule is more than the half of it, so the efficacy will not be good and we have never seen a serum that contains a decent (and proudly disclosed) amount of AP. The famous aloe vera. A not so strong preservative that doesnt really work against bacteria, but more against mold and yeast. For comfortable, dewy skin thats drenched in moisture, healthy, restored and glowing. Whether youre 16 or 60, each formula will enhance your skin via globally sourced, glow-giving ingredients that garner real results. So what the heck is a wax ester and why is that important anyway? It's uniquely excellent at helping the skin with its protective barrier and helping it to stay moisturized. The tube is made of aluminium, so is also fully recyclable, simply remove the cap before doing so. We wrote way more about ceramides at ceramide 1, so click here to know more. If you see potassium sorbate you should see some other preservative next to it too. It's the chemically chopped up version of normal lecithin. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. With Winter firmly with us now in the UK and the winds having a bitter bite to them our skin needs that little bit more attention and care to tackle the elements.
Aloe Vera is one of todays magic plants. Chemically speaking, ceramides are the connection of a fatty acid and a sphingoid base and both parts can have different variations that result in the different types of ceramides. It is also often used to create liposomes, small spheres surrounded by phospholipid bi-layer designed to carry some active ingredient and helpits absorption. points.
Status Points, Item limited to a max quantity of Scientia marries science with nature to create supercharged, efficacious formulas that battle tired, dull and stressed-out complexions. A natural corn sugar derived glycol. If ceramides in the skin are decreased, more water can evaporate from the skin and there is less water remaining in the skin. I personally love Scientia packaging and the clean white tube is aesthetically pleasing, I always love seeing the captions on the rear of the packaging they fit perfectly. Use the enter key to expand submenu items. Thanks to this last thing, it allows a lower percentage of traditional preservative or it might even be able to completelyreplace them. The neutralized form of gluconic acid. Most often it's used to create liposomes and to coat and stabilizesome other ingredient. Apply a thin, even layer to clean, dry skin when skin is damaged, or use consistently as a serum moisturiser hybrid. It can be naturally found in fruits and teas but can also be made synthetically. Thanks. It's the salt form of famous humectant and natural moisturizing factor, hyaluronic acid. Transparency lies at the heart of our philosophy which is why we have partnered with tech-platform Provenance to cut through the industry noise and equip you with key facts that matter. A typeof ceramidethat can be found naturally in the upper layer of the skin. On balance, the point is this: in contrast to real plant oils, wax esters were designed by Mother Nature to stay on the surface and forma protective, moisturizing barrier and jojoba oil being a wax ester is uniquely excellent at doing that. Wax esters are on the outer surface of several plant leaves to give them environmental protection. Regarding the skin-brightening properties of pure vitaminC, this is another magic property AP does not have, or at least there is no data, not evenin-vitro,about it. Its the - sodium form - cousin of the famous NMF,hyaluronic acid(HA). Well, to understand what a wax ester is, you first have to know that oils are chemically triglycerides:one glycerin + three fatty acids attached to it. Most often it's used to create liposomes and to coat and stabilizeother ingredients. Mother Nature brings Jojoba, Watermelon, Aloe, Baobab and Kalahari Melon to help plump and smooth, improving elasticity whilst rebuilding the skins protective layer.
Recycling information: aof the outer packaging is made with FSC card and printed with soy ink, to recycle place in your usual household recycling waste. And ceramides are about 50% of those lipids (the other important ones are cholesterol with 25% and fatty acids with 15%). Leslie Bauman notes in Cosmetic Dermatology that one application of sunflower oil significantly speeds up the recovery of the skin barrier within an hour and sustains the results 5 hours after using it. It can be used to improve skin moisturization, as a solvent, to boost preservative efficacyor to influence the sensory properties of the end formula. Its safe and gentle, but even more importantly, its not a feared-by-everyone-mostly-without-scientific-reason paraben. Learn More. Sunflower does not need a big intro as you probably use it in the kitchen as cooking oil, or you munch on the seeds as a healthy snack or you adore its big, beautifulyellow flower during the summer - or you do all of these and probably even more.
It has a water-lovinghead with two water-hatingtails and this structure gives the molecule emulsifying properties. Along with ceramides 4 and 7, they also play a vital role in epidermal integrity and serve as the main storage areas for linoleic acid (a fatty acid that's alsovery important for barrier repair). Works in synergy with Vitamin C. The emollient plant oil coming from the seeds of the cactus commonly called Prickly Pear orNopal Fig.
That is probably no coincidence. Its not something new: it was introduced around 1950 and today it can be used up to 1% worldwide. A 'proof point' with a green tick means a third party has verified the accuracy of the statement whereas no green tick means that there isn't independent confirmation (yet! (source: manufacturer info). Can be a useful ingredient both for dry and oily skin. A super commonly used thickener and emulsion stabilizer. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Please go to the Instagram Feed settings page to create a feed.
What seems to be a true difference, though, is that the salt form is more stable, easier to formulate andcheaper so it pops up more often on the ingredient lists. If you require any help with your order, please contact us at hello@scientiabeauty.com. Its a real oldie: expressed directly from the seeds, the oil is used not for hundreds but thousands of years. No matter the origin, in small amounts (up to 1%) its a nice, gentle preservative.
If you have spottedethylhexylglycerinon the ingredient list, most probably you will see there also the current IT-preservative,phenoxyethanol. ), but that the brand has still supplied substantiating evidence (which you can view yourself). It's a very alkaline stuff that helps to set the pH of the cosmetic formula to be just right. All international orders are handled by FedEx via a fully tracked service. One such partner is Google. If you wanna become a real HA-and-the-skin expert you can read way more about the topic at hyaluronic acid(including penetration-questions, differences between high and low molecular weight versions and a bunch of references to scientific literature). So citric acid is an exfoliant, that can - just like other AHAs - gently lift off the dead skin cells of your skin and make it more smooth and fresh. So ceramides form kind of a "water-proof" protecting layerand make sure that our skin remains nice and hydrated. It is usually used as a helper ingredient to adjust the pH of the formula. 63 A mild, natural preservative that usually comes to the formula together with its other mild preservative friends, such as Benzoic Acid and/orDehydroaceticAcid. AD PR Samples and Affiliate Links included. Ceramides make up 50% of the goopy stuff that's between our skin cells and play a super important role in having a healthy skin barrier and keeping the skin hydrated. A great oil for drier skin types and excellent for eczema and psoriasis. It does have some very nice properties indeed, though famous dermatologist Leslie Baumann warns us in her book that most of the evidence is anecdotal and the plant might be a bit overhyped. The extract from the silver-white bark of the Birch tree that has antioxidant, anti-irritant and astringent magic properties. Citric acid comes from citrus fruits and is an AHA. 25-30% of human sebum is also wax esters to give uspeople environmental protection. Once inside the skin, it hydrates, but not from the outside - putting pure water on the skin (hello long baths!)
We do a Best of INCIDecoder email once a month with the most interesting products and ingredients we bump into. Have any questions? It can exfoliate skin both on the surface and in the pores and it's a potent anti-inflammatory agent. And they are there in big amounts! The TL; DR version of HA is that it's a huge polymer (big molecule from repeated subunits) found in the skin that acts as a sponge helping the skin to hold onto water, being plump and elastic. (Btw, if you do not know whatthe big deal with vitamin C is then you are missing out. What research does confirm about Aloe is that its a great moisturizer and has several anti-inflammatory (among others contains salicylates, polysaccharides, magnesium lactate and C-glucosyl chromone) as well as some antibacterial components. A complex of five ceramides work to help protect and restore your skins natural barrier, while hyaluronic acid, fatty acids and lipids mimic your skins natural building blocks to lock in and retain moisture. Only while stocks last. As for its composition, its three main fatty acids are barrier-repairing linoleic(60-70%), nourishing oleic (9-26%), and saturated fatty acid, palmitic (8-18%). Apply a thin, even layer to clean, dry skin when skin is damaged, or use consistently as a serum moisturiser hybrid. The most common skincare ingredient of all.
Our complex of 5 barrier boosting Ceramides help protect and regenerate the skins natural barrier, made up of varying chain lengths, together they fill the gaps of a damaged skin barrier, replacing those that have declined in the cell surface of the skin. As for skincare, it works as an emollient and skin-identical ingredient. An oil soluble vitamin C derivative that has mixed data about its effectiveness. Thanks for sharing your thoughts! These skin-identical ingredients occur naturally in the skin and make up 50% of your skin barrier. Overall, Ascorbyl Palmitate is our least favorite vitamin C derivative. Drench skin in a cooling veil of hydration that instantly soothes irritation Replenishing, restorative and all about strengthening the moisture barrier, help comfort and rebuild stressed-out skin with this protective ceramide-rich skin rescue balm. Scientia Ceramide Skin Rescue Moisture Barrier Balm. Our skin goes through a LOT. From fluctuating weather to disruptive AC and heating to pollution and over-exfoliation, its no wonder that it can end up feeling irritated and depleted. It's loaded with vitamin A, E, and D, as well as fatty acids (oleic 30-40%, linoleic 24-34%). BTW, its also a food preservativeand even has an E number, E202. Scientia recently launched their new Ceramide Skin Rescue Moisture Barrier Balm which sounds the perfect skin remedy for these colder months, if your skin needs some TLC keep reading! It's the chemically chopped up version of normal lecithin. The typical use level of Xantha Gum is below 1%, it is usually in the 0.1-0.5% range. We have written way more about ceramides at ceramide 1, so click here to know more. They are good friends becauseethylhexylglycerincan boost the effectiveness of phenoxyethanol (and other preservatives) and as an added bonus it feels nice on the skin too. Shipping takes on average 3-7 days worldwide and tracking details can be accessed via your despatch email, or the Shop App.Please note, on arrival to your chosen country, your order may be subject to customs and taxes charges external to our control. Discover the proof points for this product below. ), In stock Designed to drench skin in a cooling veil of soothing hydration, the comforting balm is powered by a medley of nourishing, barrier-boosting ingredients. It works over a wide pH range and is used between 0.5-1.2%. There is also research showing that birch bark extract can improve the skin barrier, increase skin hydration and reduce trans-epidermal water loss. This soothing complex can leave a silky veil of hydration on the skin for up to 72 hours. SimplySarahJayneLoves|Theme By Blog Pixie. Also,it's an effective deodorant and a medium spreadingemollient. As cosmetic chemist kindofstephenwrites on reddit "sodium hyaluronate disassociates into hyaluronic acid molecule and a sodium atom in solution". Scientia Ceramide Skin Rescue Moisture Barrier Balm 65ml, Scientia Green Supreme CBD Vegi-Tox Smoothie Serum. All in all definitely a goodie. Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer, Opuntia Ficus-Indica (Prickly Pear) Seed Oil, Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer, Read all the geeky details about Glycerin here >>, Read all the geeky details about Propylene Glycol here >>, Acne.org has this not fully proven theory, Read all the geeky details about Tocopherol here >>, Read all the geeky details about Salicylic Acid here >>, The BeautyBrains blog made a fantastic article about ceramides, take a look at more promising derivatives here, A natural moisturizer thats also in our skin, A super common, safe, effective and cheap molecule used for more than 50 years, Not only a simple moisturizer but knows much more: keeps the skin lipids between our skin cells in a healthy (liquid crystal) state, protects against irritation, helps to restore barrier, Effective from as low as 3% with even more benefits at higher concentrations up to 20-40% (around 10% is a good usability-effectiveness sweet spot), High-glycerin moisturizers are awesome for treating severely dry skin, It's a helper ingredient that improves the freeze-thaw stability of products, It's also a solvent, humectant and to some extent a penetration enhancer, It has a bad reputation among natural cosmetics advocates but cosmetic scientists and toxicology experts do not agree (read more in the geeky details section), Primary fat-soluble antioxidant in our skin, Significant photoprotection against UVB rays, Vit C + Vit E work in synergy and provide great photoprotection, Easy to formulate, stable and relatively inexpensive, It's one of the gold standard ingredients for treating problem skin, It can exfoliate skin both on the surface and in the pores, It's more effective for treating blackheads than acne, For acne combine it with antibacterial agents like benzoyl peroxide or azelaic acid. Do the math: it's more than 5000 years definitely an oldie. Its often used together with ethylhexylglycerin as it nicely improves the preservative activity of phenoxyethanol. It's a great ingredient to neutralize metal (especially iron and copper) ions in a cosmetic product. A fatty (the good, non-drying kind of)alcohol that makes your skin feel smooth and nice (emollient), helps to thicken up products and also helps water and oil to blend (emulsifier).
To do that it has to break down to its active form, sorbic acid. Required fields are marked *. Please double check the email you have entered! It's also often used to create liposomes. So if you use a soap and you notice your skin is becoming dry, now you know why. About 25% of the goopy stuff between our skin cells consists of cholesterol. 63.20, Earn Please try again. No matter how I choose to use the Ceramide Skin Rescue Moisture Barrier Balm my skin reaps the benefits, I personally love using it as an overnight mask knowing I will wake up with hydrated and dewy skin dont worry it wont leave any residue on your pillow. It's one of those things that help your cosmetics not to go wrong too soon, aka a preservative. Leading to damaged skin barrier, irritation and dryness. Sphingolipids-part of the make up of ceramides, they act as precursors, helping to strengthen the skin barrier, creating signalling pathways to encourage the upper layers of the skin to synthetises more of their own ceramides. They are waxy lipids that can be found naturally in the outer layer of the skin (called stratum corneum - SC). It's the largest succulent plant in the world and almost all parts of it have traditional medicinal uses in Africa. ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA) LEAF JUICE, GLYCERIN, AQUA (WATER), PROPYLENE GLYCOL, AMMONIUM ACRYLOYLDIMETHYLTAURATE/VP COPOLYMER, CANOLA OIL, SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED OIL, HYDROGENATED LECITHIN, SODIUM HYALURONATE, TOCOPHEROL, OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA (PRICKLY PEAR) SEED OIL, SALICYLIC ACID, ADANSONIA DIGITATA (BAOBAB) SEED OIL, CITRULLUS LANATUS (WATERMELON) SEED OIL, HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (SUNFLOWER) SEED OIL, PHOSPHOLIPIDS, XANTHAN GUM, BETULA ALBA (BIRCH) BARK EXTRACT, CITRIC ACID, BEHENIC ACID, CERAMIDE NP, CHOLESTEROL, CERAMIDE NS, ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN, CERAMIDE AP, CERAMIDE EOP, CERAMIDE EOS, CAPROOYL PHYTOSPHINGOSINE, CAPROOYL SPHINGOSINE, ASCORBYL PALMITATE, BENZYL ALCOHOL, POTASSIUM SORBATE, CETEARETH-25, GLYCERYL CAPRYLATE, GLYCERYL UNDECYLENATE, PROPANEDIOL, CETYL ALCOHOL, POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, SODIUM GLUCONATE, SORBIC ACID, PHENOXYETHANOL, 2-3 working days (Tracked & signed for)3.75, 2-3 working days (Tracked & Signed for)Free, Usually delivered within 1 working day (Tracked & signed for)5.50, International Delivery when you spend under 60 - 3-7 working days (Tracked & signed for)20.00International Delivery when you spend 60.00 - 74.99 - 3-7 working days (Tracked & signed for)10.00International Delivery when you spendover 75- 3-7 working days (Tracked & signed for)FREE, International Delivery - 3-7 working days20.00. It's the extract from the silver-white bark of the Birch tree that grows on moors in North and Middle Europe and in North America. It's a great ingredient to neutralize metal (especially iron and copper) ions in a cosmetic product.