Sakata R, Nakamura T, Torimura T, Ueno T, Sata M. Green tea with high-density catechins improves liver function and fat infiltration in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Spearmans rank correlation coefficient for energy intake as assessed via the WDRs and FFQ was 0.49. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common chronic liver disease and potentially affects 25% of the global adult population [1]. Weight control and prevention of metabolic syndrome by green tea. Catechins account for ~20% of the flavonoids in green tea leaves. The mean of these two measurements was taken as the blood pressure value. Park HJ, DiNatale DA, Chung MY, Park YK, Lee JY, Koo SI, et al. Kang JS, Lee WK, Yoon WK, Kim N, Park SK, Park HK, et al. The results indicated a decrease in weight, after and before the intervention, in both groups. The placebo group showed a reduction in ALT and AST levels at the end of the study, but it was no significant. Joint committee for guideline r. 2016 Chinese guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in adults. Received 2014 Nov 20; Accepted 2015 Jul 25. Patients with liver diseases such as Wilson's disease, autoimmune liver disease, hemochromatosis, virus infection, and alcoholic fatty liver as well as those with hepatotoxic, lipid lowering, metformin consumption and antihypertensive medication, contraceptive, and estrogen were excluded. Toxicology. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that included 100 food items with specified serving sizes. Sociodemographic, behavioural, metabolic, and health status confounding factors were adjusted in logistic regression to explore the associations between daily tea consumption and the prevalence of NAFLD. Barchetta I, Angelico F, Del Ben M, Baroni MG, Pozzilli P, Morini S, et al. Liu et al. According to these results, it can be claimed that GTE 500 mg prescribed can be considered as an absolute treatment to improve serum levels of liver enzymes in NAFLD patients. We thank all the participants and Colleague of Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. However, no significant association was found between tea consumption and NAFLD after adjustment for socio-demographic, behavioural, anthropometric, dietary, and clinical confounding factors. Hepatology. Saadeh S, Younossi ZM, Remer EM, Gramlich T, Ong JP, Hurley M, et al. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. Shrestha S, Ehlers SJ, Lee JY, Fernandez ML, Koo SI. [37] It has been shown that catechins promote lipid metabolism in the liver. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated. All analyses were performed using the Statistical Analysis System 9.3 edition for Windows (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) and STATA (version 12.1; Stata Corp LP, College Station, TX, USA). Among the 19,350 participants, 19.4% were classified as newly diagnosed NAFLD. Blood samples for the analysis of fasting blood glucose and lipid levels were collected in siliconised vacuum plastic tubes. Green tea extract attenuates hepatic steatosis by decreasing adipose lipogenesis and enhancing hepatic antioxidant defenses in ob/ob mice. Metabolic equivalents (METs; hours per week) were calculated using corresponding MET coefficients (3.3, 4.0, and 8.0, respectively) according to the following formula: MET coefficient of activity duration (hours)frequency (days). Nat Rev Nephrol. Phytother Res. Disease progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A prospective study with paired liver biopsies at 3 years. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Xia, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, S. et al. JAMA. Green tea as inhibitor of the intestinal absorption of lipids: Potential mechanism for its lipid-lowering effect. Murase T, Nagasawa A, Suzuki J, Hase T, Tokimitsu I. Increased hepatocellular mitochondrial -oxidation activity promotes the breakdown of fatty acids and it is thought that it acts as a protective mechanism against NAFLD. If a large quantity of fatty acids continues to be deposited in the liver, accumulation of acylglycerol in the hepatocytes induces oxidative stress that may progress to NAFLD. Diraison F, Moulin P, Beylot M. Contribution of hepatic de novo lipogenesis and reesterification of plasma non esterified fatty acids to plasma triglyceride synthesis during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The sample size was computed 35 per group by considering = 0.05 and a power of 90%. Second, we excluded participants with health conditions; thus, the final sample may not be representative of the population. BMJ. Ultrasound scanning in the detection of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis. The same opaque capsules containing either dried powdered GTE or placebo (cellulose) were administered to the subjects by a research assistant blinded to the contents in the capsules. Daily tea drinking is not associated with newly diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese adults: the Tianjin chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and health cohort study. 2007;33:15763. HbA1c separation and quantification were conducted by a high-performance liquid chromatography analyzer (HLC-723G8; Tosoh, Tokyo, Japan).
At baseline and at the end of the intervention weight, serum ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in fasting state, and dietary data were collected at baseline and end of the study. How can (-)-epigallocatechin gallate from green tea prevent HIV-1 infection. A total of 80 participants (2050 years) with NAFLD were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either green tea extract (GTE) supplement (500 mg GTE tablet per day) or placebo for 90 days. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to explore the associations between excessive tea drinking and the prevalence of NAFLD. Koo SI, Noh SK. Stangl V, Lorenz M, Stangl K. The role of tea and tea flavonoids in cardiovascular health. Compared with the participants who never drank tea, the ORs (95% CI) of newly diagnosed NAFLD in the highest category (1 cup/day) of green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and jasmine tea before adjustments were1.48 (1.33, 1.65), 1.50 (1.33, 1.68), 1.28 (1.13, 1.46), and 1.36 (1.20, 1.54), respectively. 2rd ed. Spearmans rank correlation coefficient for energy intake between two food frequency questionnaires administered three months apart was 0.68. A random number between 0.0 and 0.99 was generated by the computer for each subject. Learn more 2014;37(Suppl 1):S8190. NAFLD develops without alcohol abuse and represents a spectrum of liver disease encompassing simple fatty infiltration, fat and inflammation, and cirrhosis [2]. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is independently associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. National Library of Medicine No significant association was detected between daily consumption of green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and jasmine tea and the prevalence of newly diagnosed NAFLD in Chinese adults after adjustments. Epigallocatechin gallate, a green tea polyphenol, mediates NO-dependent vasodilation using signaling pathways in vascular endothelium requiring reactive oxygen species and Fyn. Hakim IA, Harris RB, Brown S, Chow HH, Wiseman S, Agarwal S, et al. [34,35] So according to the significant reduction in BMI and weight effected by taking GTE daily in the intervention group, this drug can be considered as an effective drug and can be prescribed for NAFLD patients. The Thus, reverse causation was corrected as much as possible. It is possible that the lack of association is due to the fact that the proportion of participants who drink enough cups of tea per day is too low in a general population. 2008;47:74654. Thus, it is possible that the pesticide residue in tea, released into hot water could attenuate the beneficial effect of tea in the present study. 2016;115:218995. The .gov means its official. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. 2012;88:88101. high consumption of red meat [19], fruits [20], sweet products, desserts, and sugar [21]). Mutat Res. This article was extracted from MSc. Yang CQ, Shu L, Wang S, Wang JJ, Zhou Y, Xuan YJ, et al. Furthermore, a detailed lifestyle questionnaire had been administered to about 7080% of randomly selected subjects from this population since May 2013. Murase T, Haramizu S, Shimotoyodome A, Tokimitsu I, Hase T. Green tea extract improves running endurance in mice by stimulating lipid utilization during exercise.
Koo SI, Noh SK. Mansour-Ghanaei F, Hadi A, Pourmasoumi M, Joukar F, Golpour S, Najafgholizadeh A. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Summary of an AASLD Single Topic Conference. The above capsule was taken 30 min after lunch. Bellentani S, Dalle Grave R, Suppini A, Marchesini G, Fatty liver Italian N. Behavior therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The need for a multidisciplinary approach. suggested that pesticide contamination of tea could underlie the association between daily tea consumption and the incidence of type 2 diabetes [30]. The new PMC design is here! Targher G, Byrne CD. Type 2 diabetes was defined as having fasting blood glucose 7.0mmol/, or 2-h postprandial blood glucose 11.1mmol/l, or HbA1c6.5% (48mmol/mol), or a history of diabetes based on the 2014 American Diabetes Association criteria [17]. The mean daily macronutrient and dietary fiber intakes were shown in Table 3. California Privacy Statement, Bassett DR Jr. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. 2022 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Accessibility The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website (IRCT2013092611763N12). ALP levels showed significant reductions in both group after 12 weeks period (P < 0.001). The aim of the study was carefully explained to the patients, and their written informed consent was obtained. Correlation coefficients for nutrients (vitamin C, vitamin E, polyunsaturated fats, saturated fats, carbohydrates and calcium) as assessed via the WDRs and FFQ ranged from 0.35 to 0.54. Article However, the amounts of catechins in most commercially available green teas is about 60mg per 200ml [28], which is equal to one cup in the present study. The components of NAFLD have not yet been fully elucidated, but the following steps are considered to be the main mechanism. 1Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, 2Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Metabolic Liver Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, 3School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, 4Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Moreover, we also excluded participants who had a history of NAFLD. However, we excluded participants who had changed their lifestyles (including dietary intake, drinking, smoking, activity, and sleeping) in the preceding five years. Privacy At the beginning of the study, the groups were similar based upon weight (87.22 11.75 kg and 90.51 14.88 kg in intervention and placebo group, respectively) and liver enzymes. American DA. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Yang YX, Wang GY. Nomura H, Kashiwagi S, Hayashi J, Kajiyama W, Tani S, Goto M. Prevalence of fatty liver in a general population of Okinawa, Japan. C R Biol. 2018M641753). Part 3. Beneficial effects of tea catechins on diet-induced obesity: Stimulation of lipid catabolism in the liver. [29,30] In the present study, the effects of GTE prescription on liver function test were evaluated. [36] The difference between the results of Sakata's study and ours study can be because of the GTE dosage during the study. EGCG, the main catechin in green tea is believed to reduce liver oxidation stress. Serum immunoglobulin M concentration is positively related to metabolic syndrome in an adult population: Tianjin chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and health (TCLSIH) cohort study. Strong association between non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and low 25(OH) vitamin D levels in an adult population with normal serum liver enzymes. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. The natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A follow-up study of forty-two patients for up to 21 years. Y. X., K. N., and Y, Z., designed research; Y. X., X. W., S. Z., Q. According to the revised definition and treatment guidelines for NAFLD published by the Chinese Association for the Study of Liver Disease in 2010 [14], we defined heavy drinking as an intake of >140g of alcohol per week among men and>70g per week among women. [4] The major tea catechins include epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin (EGC), and EGC gallate (EGCG). Tea (Camellia sinensis Theaceae) was discovered in China in 3000BC or earlier [8]. PA in the most recent week was assessed using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire [15]. Balentine DA, Wiseman SA, Bouwens LC. Management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 2015.
Increased mRNA expression of acyl-CoA oxidase, one of the peroxisomal -oxidizing enzymes and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, a mitochondrial -oxidizing enzyme, was observed in the liver of the catechin administration group. An official website of the United States government. Ann Nutr Metab. Sae-tan S, Grove KA, Lambert JD. IFCC method for aspartate aminotransferase (L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1). J Hepatol. Bruno RS, Dugan CE, Smyth JA, DiNatale DA, Koo SI. 2013;32:98994. Table 1 shows the components of caffeine and polyphenols in the capsules. The placebo group showed a reduction in ALT and AST levels at the end of the study, but it was no significant.
Data are expressed as mean standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed variables. By using this website, you agree to our Kim JA, Formoso G, Li Y, Potenza MA, Marasciulo FL, Montagnani M, et al. Other researchers have accentuated that the peripheral accumulated lipid is a more important predictor agent in comparison with BMI. Fifth, the validity of the short form of IPAQ has not been tested in the study population and the physical activity may not be exact. Diabetes Care. FOIA 2013;108:18618. Further studies are warranted to directly assess pesticide levels in tea and confirm the findings of the present study. 81903302, 91746205, and 81673166), China; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. Nutrients. Khan N, Mukhtar H. Multitargeted therapy of cancer by green tea polyphenols. J Dig Dis. 2018. While in the results of Takato et al., in 2013 study that evaluated laboratory parameters, BMI, weight, and histological observed liver after taking GTE 100 mg 3 times each day in 12 weeks, ALT declined in green tea group while AST and ALP levels remained unchanged. A controlled study looking at the effects of EGCG on nonheme iron absorption showed that it was decreased by 27% in patients consuming 300 mg EGCG compared with controls consuming placebo. and transmitted securely. Anstee QM, McPherson S, Day CP. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Catechin, one of the main flavonoids in green tea has recently attracted attention for its anti-tumor[2] and anti-arteriosclerotic[3] effects. Z., L. L., G. M., H. W., X. All participants underwent ultrasonography for determining fatty liver by a single sonographist. Targher G, Bertolini L, Padovani R, Rodella S, Zoppini G, Pichiri I, et al. All subjects were treated in the same fashion. Google Scholar. It contains high levels of flavonoids, which have antioxidant properties. 8600 Rockville Pike The present cross-sectional study was based on the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study. If fatty acid uptake by hepatocytes increases, fatty acid pools in the liver increase and accumulate in the hepatocytes as acylglycerol, increasing the load on hepatic mitochondria. Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, Fazel Y, Henry L, Wymer M. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. A previous meta-analysis showed that catechin intake is associated with a lower prevalence of NAFLD risk factors [11], and that the daily intake amounts of catechin in the treatment groups of previous randomised clinical trials were>500mg. Moreover, NAFLD is associated with metabolic syndrome [3], type 2 diabetes mellitus [4], and chronic kidney disease [5]. Thus, we designed this cross-sectional study of the general population to explore the associations between daily tea consumption and the prevalence of newly diagnosed NAFLD among Chinese adults. Finally, liver biopsy, the gold standard for the diagnosis of liver disease, was not performed in the present study, due to the apparently healthy study population. 1999;436:6997. According to the findings of this study, GTE supplementation decrease liver enzymes in patients with NAFLD. statement and Beijing, China: Peking University Medical Press; 2009. A total of 32,165 participants without acute inflammatory disease completed a comprehensive health examination and the study questionnaire. There were no significant differences in the mean nutrient intakes between the two groups at baseline and also after 12 weeks. CAS Ullmann U, Haller J, Bakker GC, Brink EJ, Weber P. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (TEAVIGO) does not impair nonhaem-iron absorption in man. It is also possible that the participants with NAFLD have changed their habit of tea consumption to achieve healthy lifestyles. Assessment of the physical activity level with two questions: Validation with doubly labeled water. about navigating our updated article layout. The role of BMI and weight in the fatty liver has been the topic of many studies.
There is no significant association between daily tea drinking and newly-diagnosed NAFLD in general Chinese adults. However, no study has reported on the beneficial effect of daily tea consumption and the prevalence of NAFLD. NAFLD prevalence has increased with the change in eating habits, thus identifying an effective treatment for NAFLD is a significant public health objective. Thus, the low amount of catechins consumed daily in tea may not be enough to have a beneficial effect on NAFLD. Waist circumference was measured at the umbilical level with participants standing and breathing normally. In total, 19,350 participants were enrolled in the analyses. Fourth, all the previous studies on tea and NAFLD showed effects at dosage higher than 500mg of catechins/day (equivalent to 9 cups of green tea). Fasting blood samples were obtained via venipuncture of the cubital vein and immediately mixed with EDTA. Liu X, Xu W, Cai H, Gao YT, Li H, Ji BT, et al. Johansson G, Westerterp KR. Terms and Conditions,
First, due to the nature of the self-reporting questionnaire, recall bias existed and the amount of tea consumed may not have been precisely reported. Fat accumulation in the liver is associated with defects in insulin suppression of glucose production and serum free fatty acids independent of obesity in normal men. Green tea as inhibitor of the intestinal absorption of lipids: potential mechanism for its lipid-lowering effect. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the eighth joint National Committee (JNC 8). Information on smoking (never, former, and current smoking) and drinking (never, former, current drinking everyday, and current drinking sometimes) status of the participants was obtained via a questionnaire survey. [38] Body weight and adiposity were blunted by catechin administration in the obese mouse model C57BL/6J. Mechanisms underlying beneficial health effects of tea catechins to improve insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. We gratefully thank all the participants in the study and Tianjin Medical University General Hospital-Health Management Center for the opportunity to perform the study. There were no significant differences at baseline between the two groups in terms of age, gender, marital status, education level, physical activity, and the severity of fatty liver. Serum samples were transferred into microtubes and were stored at 70C until analysis. Maeda-Yamamoto M, Inagaki N, Kitaura J, Chikumoto T, Kawahara H, Kawakami Y, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The protocol of this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Tianjin Medical University and participants gave written informed consent before participation in the study. Consumption of green tea, oolong tea, and black tea were positively associated with the prevalence of newly diagnosed NAFLD before adjustments. Papavagelis C, Avgeraki E, Augoulea A, Stamatelopoulos K, Lambrinoudaki I, Yannakoulia M. Dietary patterns, Mediterranean diet and obesity in postmenopausal women. Recommendations of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry. The correlation coefficients for food items (fruits, vegetables, fish, meat, and beverages) between two food frequency questionnaires administered three months apart ranged from 0.62 to 0.79. Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Caldwell SH. The evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies indicates that green tea inhibits dietary lipid absorption [23], decreases lipid accumulation in the liver and adipose tissue [24], improves insulin sensitivity [25], and exerts antioxidant properties [26]. The educational level was assessed by asking the question what is the highest degree you earned? with two possible response categories: Previous studies have reported that tea extract supplementation has potential benefits on the risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, no study has investigated the direct effect of daily tea consumption on the prevalence of NAFLD in the general population. 